Effect of Decellularization Protocol on the Mechanical Behavior of Porcine Descending Aorta

Abstract

Enzymatic-detergent decellularization treatments may use a combination of chemical reagents to reduce vascular tissue to sterilized scaffolds, which may be seeded with endothelial cells and implanted with a low risk of rejection. However, these chemicals may alter the mechanical properties of the native tissue and contribute to graft compliance mismatch. Uniaxial tensile data obtained from native and decellularized longitudinal aortic tissue samples was analyzed in terms of engineering stress and fit to a modified form of the Yeoh rubber model. One decellularization protocol used SDS, while the other two used TritonX-100, RNase-A, and DNase-I in combination with EDTA or sodium-deoxycholate. Statistical significance of Yeoh model parameters was determined by paired t-test analysis. The TritonX-100/EDTA and 0.075% SDS treatments resulted in relatively variable mechanical changes and did not effectively lyse VSMCs in aortic tissue. The TritonX-100/sodium-deoxycholate treatment effectively lysed VSMCs and was characterized by less variability in mechanical behavior. The data suggests a TritonX-100/sodium-deoxycholate treatment is a more effective option than TritonX-100/EDTA and SDS treatments for the preparation of aortic xenografts and allografts because it effectively lyses VSMCs and is the least likely treatment, among those considered, to promote a decrease in mechanical compliance.

Comparative Study of Two Decellularization Protocols on a Biomaterial for Tissue Engineering

“…The xenograft that underwent the first protocol showed complete decellularization but with a much distorted ECM. Valves treated with Triton X-100 showed a completely cell-free structure across the complete thickness of the valve leaflet, which is consistent with earlier results by Bader et al [6] Triton X-100 disrupts lipid-lipid and lipidprotein interactions while leaving protein-protein interactions intact.…”

Are agricultural and natural sources of bio-products important for modern regenerative medicine? A review

“…'Waste materials' from animal slaughterhouses, such as porcine skin or arterial vessels, have also been noted as enabling the creation of high quality bio-natural matrices which deliver significant results [29]. Decellularization procedures carried out on such materials can be adapted to create optimal results, notably via the creation of acellular matrices [30].…”

Development and characterization of an ex vivo arterial long-term proliferation model for restenosis research

“…Of particular interest was the work of Fitzpatrick et al (2010), who described the decellularization of a porcine descending aorta by using 0.25% sodium-deoxycholate. Since we could not reproduce this condition for a complete decellularization of the arteries, we changed the incubation time and the composition of the chemicals in different steps and found that a high working concentration (4%) of the ionic detergent sodium-deoxycholate in combination with a low amount of the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100 led to complete decellularization.…”