Effect of demineralization process on the liquefaction of Turkish coals in tetralin with microwave energy: Determination of particle size distribution and surface area

Yağmur, Emine; Şimşek, Emir H.; Aktaş, Zeki; Toğrul, Taner

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2005.05.004

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The high-quality coal reserves in the world are gradually depleting, and therefore, there is a growing interest to utilize the inferior grades, which contain high ash and high sulfur. It is necessary to demineralize and desulfurize such coals prior to utilization …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is necessary to demineralize and desulfurize such coals prior to utilization. 5 Coal contains variable amounts of mineral matter which includes clay minerals, sulfides, carbonates, sulfates, chlorides, silicates, oxides, hydroxides, and phosphates. Mineral matter is generally considered to be the sum of all inorganic minerals and elements that are present in coal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Demineralization on Product Yield and Composition at Isothermal Pyrolysis of Eynez Lignites

Sert

Ballice

Yüksel

et al. 2011

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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In this study, the effect of the mineral matter of Eynez lignite on the volatile hydrocarbon recovery, the yield of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (asphaltenes, preasphaltenes), and the carbon in the solid residue was investigated. First, lignite was demineralized with HCl, HNO 3 , and HF, successively. Then, the samples obtained from the demineralization step were pyrolyzed in isothermal pyrolysis reactor. The reaction temperatures are 450, 500, 550, 600, and 650 °C. Pyrolysis products were analyzed in capillary gas chromatography, and product evolution rate was calculated. The results show that removal of the inorganic elements in HCl decreased the volatile hydrocarbon recovery and that HNO 3 slightly affected the conversion of organic materials in the pyrolysis reactions. In contrast, removal of the inorganic elements in HF increased the conversion in pyrolysis reactions. This behavior is explained by the inhibitive effect of the silicate minerals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Demineralization on Product Yield and Composition at Isothermal Pyrolysis of Eynez Lignites

Sert

Ballice

Yüksel

et al. 2011

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…There are considerable studies on the liquefaction of Turkish coals (Yürüm et al, 1991;Öner et al, 1990Şimşek et al, 2001, 2002bKaraca and Ceylan, 2002;Agun et al, 2005;Karacan et al, 2005;Karaca, 2005aKaraca, , 2005bYagmur et al, 2005).…”

Section: Studies On Turkish Lignitementioning

confidence: 99%

Turkey's Major Lignite Fields and Significance of Lignite for Energy Necessity

Balat¹

2007

Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy

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The objective of this study is to determine the lignite use for Turkey's energy necessity. Lignite is the most important energy resource of Turkey when compared with others according to the amount of reserves. Lignite is the dominant source of energy produced (43%) in Turkey. Lignite deposits are encountered in almost every region of Turkey. Total lignite reserves are estimated at 8,375 million tons, of which 7,340 million tons (88%) is economically feasible. Share of lignite reserves of Turkey are 2% in the world. Lignite deposits are encountered in almost every region of Turkey. Afsin-Elbistan, Mugla, Soma, Tuncbilek, Seyitomer, Beypazari and Sivas basins constitutes the most important known lignite reserves. The biggest lignite deposits, 40% of the total, are in Afsin-Elbistan. Lignite extraction is expected to increase as the government feels pressure to close down unprofitable hard coal mines that are geologically difficult, increasing the cost of extraction.

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“…It has been stated by many scientists that it is difficult to clean Turkish coal using physical and physicochemical methods (jig, shaking table, spiral, flotation, etc. ), that is, to remove the ash and sulfur value at the desired rate (Yagmur et al, 2005;Ayhan et al,2011;Ceylan and Kucuk, 2004). Acid leaching techniques are used as an alternative to the conventional cleaning processes of coals (Behera et al, 2018a;Sriramoju et al 2017;Sriramoju et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%