Effect of dietary interventions in mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review

McGrattan, Andrea; McEvoy, Claire T.; McGuinness, Bernadette; McKinley, Michelle; Woodside, Jayne V.

doi:10.1017/s0007114518002945

Cited by 58 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 91 publications

(210 reference statements)

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“…Although antioxidant compounds such as vitamins A, C, and E have a role in regulation of oxidative stress, a pathway linked with neurodegeneration and cognitive decline, the use of vitamin E has not been found to have a significant effect on progression from MCI to dementia and/or AD, or on cognitive function at intervention completion [25]. Similarly, low folate and B vitamin status is linked to cognitive dysfunction during the aging process and better cognitive performances have been associated with higher intakes of B vitamins.…”

Section: Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Complementary and Integrative Therapies for Geriatric Mental Health

Nguyen

Lavretsky

2020

Curr Treat Options Psych

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Purpose The use of complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) is on the rise among diverse populations of older adults in the USA. CIM is commonly perceived as safer, less expensive, and more culturally acceptable. There is a growing body of evidence to support the use of CIM, especially mind-body therapies, diet and nutritional supplements used for mental disorders of aging. Recent findings We summarize the results of the recent clinical trials and meta-analyses that provide the evidence for the role of CIM in treating older adults with mood or cognitive disorders that includes the use of diet and supplements, and mind-body therapies. Summary Dietary and mind-body therapies have become increasingly popular and show the strongest evidence of efficacy for mood and cognitive disorders. Although the use of vitamins and supplements is the most popular CIM practice, only mixed evidence supports their use with additional concerns for herb (supplement)-drug interactions. Despite increasing use of CIM by the general population, information to guide clinicians providing care for older adults remains limited with variable scientific rigor of the available RCTs for a large number of commonly used CIM interventions for the mental health of older adults. Although the terms, "alternative," "complementary," and "integrative" are often used interchangeably, the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) defines these terms as follows: "alternative" medicine refers to a set of practices of medicine (e.g., traditional, oriental, mind-body, etc.) without sufficient evidence base that is used in place of conventional medicine, whereas "complementary" medicine refers to non-mainstream practice that is used together with conventional medicine. "Integrative" medicine refers to the use of conventional and complementary approaches in a coordinated way targeting specific disorders or underlying neurobiological processes (e.g., inflammation). CIM emphasizes a holistic, patient-focused approach to healthcare and wellness targeting the whole person rather than one organ system. Historically, these p r a c t i c e s a r e o r i e n t e d t o w a r d h a r m o n i o u s rebalancing of mind, body, and spirit. The NCCIH identified three categories for complementary and integrative approaches: (1) natural products (herbal medicines, botanicals, vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and other dietary supplements); (2) mind and body practices (massage therapy, meditation, yoga, acupuncture, chiropractic/osteopathic manipulation, hypnotherapy, tai chi, qigong, healing touch, and relaxation exercises); (3) other complementary approaches (indigenous healing practices, Chinese medicine, Ayurvedic medicine, homeopathy, and naturopathy). Unfortunately, CIM is rarely included in the healthcare systems on the large scale with the exception of a few modalities (i.e., acupuncture and chiropractic care) due to the lack of reimbursement by the US medical insurances, and remain unaffordable for many older adults living on a limited income [4]....

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Section: Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Complementary and Integrative Therapies for Geriatric Mental Health

Nguyen

Lavretsky

2020

Curr Treat Options Psych

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“…However, the effects of vitamins on cognitive function of non-demented elderly have been inconsistent even in meta-analyses on randomized or quasi-randomized, placebo-controlled trials [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. These conflicting results may be attributable to several limitations of previous meta-analyses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These conflicting results may be attributable to several limitations of previous meta-analyses. Firstly, the proportion of the subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was not uniform across the studies, and the effect of vitamins on cognitive function may be different between subjects with normal cognition and those with MCI [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Secondly, the effect of different geographical locations or ethnicities was not considered in all previous meta-analyses, even though they are related to dietary habits and genetic backgrounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Vitamins on Cognitive Function of Non-Demented People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2020

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Previous evidence has suggested that vitamins might be beneficial for cognition. This systematic review aimed to investigate the efficacy of B vitamins, antioxidant vitamins, and vitamin D on the cognitive function of non-demented middle-aged or older people. Randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials of individuals aged 40 years or older were included. PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library databases, and other grey literature sources were searched up to November 2019. Their methodological quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Twenty-three studies on B vitamins (n = 22–1053; comprising folate, B6, and B12), nine on antioxidant vitamins (n = 185–20,469), and six on vitamin D (n = 55–4122) were included. Taking B vitamins for over 3 months was beneficial for global cognition (standardized mean difference (SMD) −0.18, 95% CI −0.30 to −0.06) and episodic memory (SMD −0.09, 95% CI −0.15 to −0.04). However, antioxidant vitamins (SMD −0.02, 95% CI −0.08 to 0.03) and vitamin D (SMD −0.06, 95% CI −0.36 to 0.23) were not. Antioxidant vitamins were beneficial for global cognition in sensitivity analyses using final measurement data as mean difference estimates (SMD, −0.04, 95% CI −0.08 to −0.01). Taking B vitamins and possibly antioxidant vitamins may be beneficial for the cognitive function of non-demented people.

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“…Even less work has been conducted to document potential improvements in the performance of elite populations. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Qualitative analysis of products Of the 12 products analyzed, 8 (67%) had at least 1 ingredient listed on the Supplement Facts label not detected through the analysis. In addition, 10 (83%) products analyzed detected ingredients not reported on the Supplement Facts label ( Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Public Health Issue: Dietary Supplements Promoted for Brain Health and Cognitive Performance

Crawford

Boyd

Avula

et al. 2020

The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

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Background: Dietary supplements targeting brain health have quickly emerged in the marketplace as cognitive performance becomes an important public health issue. While manufacturers are required to report the exact ingredients and formulations listed on the Supplement Facts labels of products, many reports have indicated such labels are not always truthful, and the content of some products is inconsistent with the ingredients listed on the Supplement Facts label. Objectives: To identify dietary supplement products and ingredients marketed for brain health and cognitive performance and perform analyses of select products to verify whether purported claims are truthful and product labels accurate. Design: A scoping review was performed to identify products and ingredients. Products were selected for content analysis, investigated for scientific-sounding claims made, and assessed using an educational tool for potential red flags when reading Supplement Facts labels. Results: Twelve products were selected from the 650 products being marketed for brain health and queried about by Service Members. Eight (67%) had at least one ingredient listed on the Supplement Facts label not detected through analysis. Compounds not reported on the label were detected in 10 (83%) products. Scientificsounding claims made are not supported by science and red flags are presented. Conclusions: There are dietary supplements targeting brain health being marketed to consumers that should be considered adulterated and misbranded. Advertisements and product labels may be deceiving and could put the public at risk. Education is required so that the public can recognize red flags while the U.S. Food and Drug Administration works to ''modernize'' the current regulations for dietary supplements.

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Effect of dietary interventions in mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review

Cited by 58 publications

References 91 publications

Emerging Complementary and Integrative Therapies for Geriatric Mental Health

Emerging Complementary and Integrative Therapies for Geriatric Mental Health

Efficacy of Vitamins on Cognitive Function of Non-Demented People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

A Public Health Issue: Dietary Supplements Promoted for Brain Health and Cognitive Performance

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