Effect of Different Light Spectrum in Helicoverpa armigera Larvae during HearNPV Induced Tree-Top Disease

Bhattarai, Mandira Katuwal; Bhattarai, Upendra Raj; Feng, Jinian; Wang, Dun

doi:10.3390/insects9040183

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 53 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, many insects depend on visual cues to find and select host plants, to choose mates, and to orient long-distance migrations (Jiggins et al, 2001;Sauman et al, 2005). Light is also an important factor mediating baculovirus-induced climbing behaviour in caterpillars (Bhattarai et al, 2018;Gasque et al, 2019;Han et al, 2018;van Houte et al, 2014). Exposure to light from above, during a specific period post-infection, is required to elicit climbing behaviour in SeMNPV-infected S. exigua larvae (Han et al, 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Baculoviruses hijack the visual perception of their caterpillar hosts to induce climbing behaviour thus promoting virus dispersal

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Baculoviruses can induce climbing behaviour in their caterpillar hosts to ensure they die at elevated positions to enhance virus transmission, providing an excellent model to study parasitic manipulation of host behaviour. Here, we demonstrate that climbing behaviour occurred mostly during daylight hours, and that the height at death of Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV)‐infected larvae increases with the height of the light source. Phototaxic and electroretinogram (ERG) responses were enhanced after HearNPV‐infection in host larvae, and ablation of stemmata in infected larvae prevented both phototaxis and climbing behaviour. Through transcriptome and quantitative PCR, we confirmed that two opsin genes (a blue light‐sensitive gene, HaBL; and a long wave‐sensitive gene, HaLW) as well as the TRPL (transient receptor potential‐like channel protein) gene, all integral to the host's visual perception pathway, were significantly upregulated after HearNPV infection. Knockout of HaBL, HaLW, or TRPL genes using the CRISPR/Cas9 system resulted in significantly reduced ERG responses, phototaxis, and climbing behaviour in HearNPV‐infected larvae. These results reveal that HearNPV alters the expression of specific genes to hijack host visual perception at fundamental levels—photoreception and phototransduction—in order to induce climbing behaviour in host larvae.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Baculoviruses hijack the visual perception of their caterpillar hosts to induce climbing behaviour thus promoting virus dispersal

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Third instar larvae of S. exigua infected with SeMNPV, H. armigera infected with HearNPV and L. dispar asiatica infected with LdMNPV displayed positive phototaxis, with infected larvae dying at elevated positions when light was applied from above, while larvae died at low positions in complete dark conditions or when light was provided from below. Uninfected larvae showed no phototactic behaviour as larvae displayed similar movement patterns in light and dark conditions (van Houte et al 2014b;Bhattarai et al 2018a;Bhattarai et al 2018c). Han et al (2018c) further demonstrated that SeMNPV-infected S. exigua larvae needed to be exposed to light provided from above during a defined time period [43 to 50 hours post infection (hpi) for third instars] to exhibit tree-top disease.…”

Section: Baculovirus-induced Tree-top Disease -The Role Of Lightmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Light was found to play a pivotal role in baculovirus-induced tree-top disease (van Houte et al 2014b;van Houte et al 2015;Bhattarai et al 2018a;Bhattarai et al 2018c). Third instar larvae of S. exigua infected with SeMNPV, H. armigera infected with HearNPV and L. dispar asiatica infected with LdMNPV displayed positive phototaxis, with infected larvae dying at elevated positions when light was applied from above, while larvae died at low positions in complete dark conditions or when light was provided from below.…”

Section: Baculovirus-induced Tree-top Disease -The Role Of Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In LdMNPV-infected L. dispar asiatica larvae, expression of the host's core circadian genes (per and tim) was increased during the night, however a clear link with tree-top disease was not shown (Bhattarai et al 2018c). Bhattarai et al (2018a) further investigated the response of infected larvae to different light spectra and found that HearNPV-infected H. armigera larvae are attracted to blue (450-490nm), white (broad-spectrum) and UVA (320-400nm) light, but not to UVB (290-320nm) light. Although positive phototaxis prior to death is found for different virus-host combinations, light does not always play a role; AcMNPV-infected T. ni larvae (V.I.D.…”

Section: Baculovirus-induced Tree-top Disease -The Role Of Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Insane in the brain : How neuroparasites manipulate the insect’s brain function and behaviour

Nordstrand Gasque

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives and research questionsThe main goal of this dissertation is to better understand the mechanisms behind parasite-induced behavioural alteration, including both the internal aspects of the host in the form of the role of the CNS and what happens on a molecular level, but also the outer abiotic factors that influence the expression of this behavioural alteration. Focusing on two great examples of neuroparasites, which are known to lodge onto or infect the CNS of the host, I intend to answer a range of questions and thereby hopefully aid in advancing our understanding of parasites that alter the behaviour of the host. The following research questions will be addressed in this PhD dissertation:1. Which of the abiotic factors has the biggest influence on the behavioural expression of D. dendriticum-infected F. polyctena ants in the field? (Chapter 3) 2. Where are the brain cells expressing the major nerve signalling molecules and their rate limiting enzymes located in the CNS of S. exigua caterpillars? Which differences and similarities are observable between the above-mentioned targets? (Chapter 4 3. When and where can we identify AcMNPV in the CNS of S. exigua caterpillars? And how does AcMNPV-PTP play a role in the CNS entry? (Chapter 5) 4. Which mechanisms play a role in the induction of behavioural alteration of AcMN-PV-infected S. exigua caterpillars? (Chapter 6) 5. Which similarities can be detected in the locations of AcMNPV and the different biogenic amines in the CNS of S. exigua? (Chapter 7) Outline of the thesisThe important thing is to never stop questioning.

show abstract

Viral- and fungal-mediated behavioral manipulation of hosts: summit disease

Masoudi,

Joseph,

Keyhani

2024

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summit disease, in which infected hosts seek heights (gravitropism), first noted in modern times by nineteenth-century naturalists, has been shown to be induced by disparate pathogens ranging from viruses to fungi. Infection results in dramatic changes in normal activity patterns, and such parasite manipulation of host behaviors suggests a strong selection for convergent outcomes albeit evolved via widely divergent mechanisms. The two best-studied examples involve a subset of viral and fungal pathogens of insects that induce “summiting” in infected hosts. Summiting presumably functions as a means for increasing the dispersal of the pathogen, thus significantly increasing fitness. Here, we review current advances in our understanding of viral- and fungal-induced summit disease and the host behavioral manipulation involved. Viral genes implicated in this process include a host hormone-targeting ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase (apparently essential for mediating summit disease induced by some viruses but not all) and a protein tyrosine phosphatase, with light dependance implicated. For summit disease-causing fungi, though much remains obscure, targeting of molting, circadian rhythms, sleep, and responses to light patterns appear involved. Targeting of host neuronal pathways by summit-inducing fungi also appears to involve the production of effector molecules and secondary metabolites that affect host muscular, immune, and/or neurological processes. It is hypothesized that host brain structures, particularly Mushroom Bodies (no relation to the fungus itself), important for olfactory association learning and control of locomotor activity, are critical targets for mediating summiting during infection. This phenomenon expands the diversity of microbial pathogen-interactions and host dynamics. Key points • Summit disease or height seeking (gravitropism) results from viral and fungal pathogens manipulating insect host behaviors presumably to increase pathogen dispersal. • Insect baculoviruses and select fungal pathogens exhibit convergent evolution in host behavioral manipulation but use disparate molecular mechanisms. • Targets for affecting host behavior include manipulation of host hormones, feeding, locomotion, and immune, circadian, and neurological pathways.

show abstract

Effect of Different Light Spectrum in Helicoverpa armigera Larvae during HearNPV Induced Tree-Top Disease

Cited by 6 publications

References 53 publications

Baculoviruses hijack the visual perception of their caterpillar hosts to induce climbing behaviour thus promoting virus dispersal

Baculoviruses hijack the visual perception of their caterpillar hosts to induce climbing behaviour thus promoting virus dispersal

Insane in the brain : How neuroparasites manipulate the insect’s brain function and behaviour

Viral- and fungal-mediated behavioral manipulation of hosts: summit disease

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About