Effect of Different Neutralizing Agents on Feldspathic Porcelain Etched by Hydrofluoric Acid

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of neutralizing agents on the shear bond strength of hydrofluoric (HF)–etched porcelain in nonaging and aging conditions. Subjects and Methods One hundred and twenty feldspathic porcelain specimens were prepared and divided into six groups to undergo different surface conditioning methods—group 1: control; group 2: HF; group 3: HF + calcium hydroxide; group 4: HF + calcium carbonate; group 5: HF + calcium gluconate; and group 6: HF + ultrasonic. All samples were immersed in 37°C distilled water for 24 h. Half of the samples were thermocycled in water for 5,000 cycles. The shear bond strength test was performed using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison test at a 95% confidence level. The surface micromorphology and surface elements were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), respectively. Results The shear bond strengths of groups 2–6 were significantly higher than the control group in both aging and nonaging conditions (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences among all of the HF-etched porcelain groups (p > 0.05). SEM images of groups 2–6 illustrated similar patterns of irregularity on the specimen surfaces. Elemental analysis of EDX demonstrated identical elements on surfaces of specimens of groups 2–6. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, shear bond strength values between HF-etched porcelain, HF-etching followed by application of neutralizing agents, and HF-etching followed by ultrasonic cleaning were not significantly different in both nonaging and aging conditions.

Effect of Different Surface Treatments of Lithium Disilicate on the Adhesive Properties of Resin Cements

“…However, in many studies, a higher concentration (9.5-10%) of HF acid has been used [13,[17][18][19]. This higher concentration corresponds to the recommended surface treatment of feldspathic ceramic, which is usually 9-10% HF [20,21]. Studies examining the effect of overetching (higher acid concentration and/or longer exposure time) on the bond strength (SBS) of lithium disilicate to resin cement have led to contradictory results.…”

Comparison of the Remineralizing Effect of Brushing with Aloe vera versus Fluoride Toothpaste

“…Shaik et al, Chaudhary et al, and Sriamporn et al also used SEM-EDX in their in vitro studies. [27][28][29] The study's protocol conditions were most compatible with the oral conditions. The remineralizing solution used is the closest in its composition to mineral ions and in its supersaturation to natural saliva as reported first by ten Cate and Duijsters.…”

“…Shaik et al, Chaudhary et al, and Sriamporn et al also used SEM-EDX in their in vitro studies. 27 28 29 …”

Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Versus Acid Etching Surface Treatment on the Surface Roughness and Topography of Two Pressable Lithium Disilicate Ceramics. “In-Vitro Study”.

“…Ultradent® Porcelain Etch 9% buffered (Ultradent, South Jordan, USA) Hydrofluoric acid etchant was applied on the unglazed surface of the ceramic discs by a brush following the manufacturer's instruction then removed by air/ water spray then dried. [30][31][32][33] The laser surface treatment protocol was carried out using Er,Cr:YSGG laser (Waterlase iplus, BIOLASE, Inc. USA) of wavelength 2790 nm (power setting: 4.5 watt, repetitive rate of 50 Hz "pulse per second" and pulse duration "pulse length": 60 µs) [23], [24] with a sweeping motion directing the Waterlase Laser Tip MGG6-9 (BIOLASE, Inc. USA) 45 o angle to the unglazed ceramic surface at a distance of 2mm with 80% water and 60% air for 60 seconds.…”