Effect of different total suspended solids levels on aLitopenaeus vannamei(Boone, 1931) BFT culture system during biofloc formation

Abstract

In a Biofloc Technology System (BFT), there is constant biofloc formation and suspended solids accumulation, leading to effects on water quality parameters that may affect the growth performance of cultured shrimp. This study aimed to analyse during biofloc formation the effect of different total suspended solids (TSS) levels on water quality and the growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp in a BFT system. A 42-day trial was conducted with treatments of three ranges of TSS: 100-300 mg L À1 as low (TL), 300-600 as medium (TM) and 600-1000 as high (TH). The initial concentrations of 100 (TL), 300 (TM) and 600 mg L À1 (TH) were achieved by fertilization before starting the experiment. Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles with an average weight of 4.54 AE 1.19 g were stocked at a density of 372 shrimp m À3 . Physical and chemical water parameters and shrimp growth performance were analysed. After 6 weeks, TSS mean concentrations were 306.37, 532.43 and 745.2 mg L À1 for, respectively, TL, TM and TH treatments. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed in TSS, settleable solids, pH, alkalinity and nitrite, especially between the TL and TH treatments. Similarly, differences (P < 0.05) were observed in the growth performance parameters, specifically final weight, survival, feed conversion and productivity. The water quality parameters at lower range of total suspended solids concentration (TL) treatment resulted in a better performance of L. vannamei in the BFT system. The maintenance at range of 100-300 mg L À1 TSS is thus important to the success of shrimp culture.

Effect of no carbohydrate addition on water quality, growth performance and microbial community in water-reusing biofloc systems for tilapia production under high-density cultivation

“…In several studies, TAN and ‐N were peaked with high concentrations during the establishment of BFT aquaculture systems (Gaona et al., ; Luo, Gao, et al., ; Luo, Li, et al, ; Nootong & Pavasant, ; Zhang, Luo, Tan, Liu, & Hou, ), while the above phenomenon was not observed when sufficient reusing water‐contained flocs was initially inoculated into all tanks in this study. Suggestions for further application and research directions, improving C:N ratios is vital to establish the BFT aquaculture system at the beginning of culture period (Avnimelech, ), while in water‐reusing BFT systems, no carbohydrate addition can be applied to control the water quality when sufficient flocs is initially inoculated.…”

“…In several studies, TAN and NO À 2 -N were peaked with high concentrations during the establishment of BFT aquaculture systems (Gaona et al, 2017;Luo, Gao, et al, 2014;Nootong & Pavasant, 2011;Zhang, Luo, Tan, Liu, & Hou, 2016), while the above phenomenon was not observed when sufficient reusing water-contained flocs was initially inoculated into all tanks in this study.…”

“…It demonstrated that an average TSS level of 2,054 mg/L had no harm to the survival and growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei (Gaona, da Paz Serra, Furtado, Poersch, & Wasielesky, ). However, previous studies had enhanced that high concentrations of TSS increased the cost of aeration in order to maintain DO concentrations, especially during the later culture period (Ebeling et al., ; Gaona, de Almeida, Viau, Poersch, & Wasielesky, ; Gaona et al., ). In this study, GLU‐tanks need more aeration rate than NCA‐tanks after day 30, which was consistent with the previous reports.…”

Effect of feeding frequency on growth and digestive enzyme activity in Litopenaeus vannamei during the grow‐out phase in biofloc system

“…Water quality can influence feed consumption in shrimp and therefore affect productivity (Vinatea et al, 2010). Temperature is one of the water quality variables that most exert an influence on growth and feed consumption among shrimps, but the mean recorded throughout the study (24.8°C) was not a limiting factor for L. vannamei ju- (Furtado et al, 2011;Furtado et al 2015;Gaona, Almeida, Viau, Poersch, & Wasielesky, 2017;Lin & Chen 2001;Lin & Chen 2003;Maicá , Borba, & Wasielesky, 2012).…”

Effect of different water biofloc contents on the growth and immune response of gibel carp cultured in zero water exchange and no feed addition system

“…WG, SG and survival of gibel carp increased when the TSS increased from 10 to 800 mg/L and showed the highest values at 800 mg/L. The SG decreased in fish with TSS of 1,000 mg/L comparing to fish with 800 mg/L, which indicates that the higher TSS concentration might be a stressor to respiration of cultured species as gills were clogged with suspended solids (Gaona, Almeida, Viau, Poersch, & Wasielesky, ).…”