Effect of Different Treatment Methods on the Purification of Bacterial Cellulose Produced from OPF Juice by Acetobacter Xylinum

Abstract

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a form of cellulose produced by Acetobacter xylinum via fermentation process. BC contains impurities such as medium broth or the cell biomass. This study aims to determine the effect of purification method on the BC produced from oil palm frond (OPF) juice. Three purification method was presented in this study; first, BC was treated with different NaOH concentration at constant temperature of 70°C. Second, the BC was treated with different temperature while the NaOH concentration was fixed at 0.1M. Lastly, the BC was further purified in distilled water at different temperature. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analysis revealed that chemical composition of BC is similar to the natural cellulose without the present of biomass impurities as no peak at 1800 – 1500 cm−1 can be detected. Higher percentage for loss of biomass, 22.03 % can be obtained when the BC was treated with 1.0 M NaOH at 90°C and further purified in distilled water at 90°C. As conclusion, pure BC which are free from any impurities can be obtained by using proposed method.

Isolation of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) from Mimosa pudica (Semalu) for Production of Bacterial Cellulose

“…BC from A. xylinum showed a much smaller diameter size of 32.0 nm to 74.4 nm (Figure 6C). This fibril size observed is not so much different compared to the BC produced by A. xylinum in other media such as oil palm frond juice with a diameter size range of 50 nm to 60 nm (Hashim et al, 2021) and the naturally producing BC by Gluconobacter with the diameter size range of 50 nm to 100 nm (Tajima et al, 2017). Meanwhile, commercialized α-cellulose (Sigma Aldrich, USA) produced from a plant source showed a microfibre with a diameter of 22.1 µm in the labeling position (Figure 6D).…”

“…In the first region, the broad peak was observed at 3400 -3300 cm -1, indicating the O-H stretching and assigned to hydrogen bond and hydroxyl functional groups (Barud et al, 2008). The narrow absorption bands in the second region of 2970 to 2800 cm -1 correspond to the stretching of C-H (Hashim et al, 2021). The bending of -OH is identified in the third region of 1620 cm -1 .…”

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INTRODUCTIONBacterial cellulose (BC) is an alternative cellulose material to plant cellulose that has potential in cellulose-related industries (Hashim et al, 2021). Alternative cellulose sources, including bacteria, fungi, and algae, will avoid continuous wood pulping and deforestation (Sumardee et al, 2021).

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“…Exploring new fermentation medium for BC production leads to cost-reducing of final products. For example, oil palm frond (OPF) juice containing multiple sugars, including glucose, fructose, and sucrose, makes it a suitable carbon source for BC synthesis (Hashim et al, 2021). Besides that, waste materials from fruits in food industries and local markets show their potential as an alternative to Hestrin and Schramm (HS) fermentation medium for BC production (Andritsou et al, 2018).…”

Metal-Free, Bio-Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on a Single Electrode of Bacterial Cellulose Modified with Carbon Black

“…Cellulose-based supports have been considered promising templates for active components in triboelectric nanogenerators [12,13]. The high biocompatibility and biodegradability [14,15] of these polysaccharides and their abundance in nature can be considered promising eco-friendly factors that make implementing cellulose-based devices possible.…”