Effect of Different Types of Mole Drains Composition on Some Clay Soil Properties and Wheat Yield

Abstract

The effects of different types of mole drains on some clay soil properties and wheat yield were tested in this study. The experimental studies were conducted in heavy clay soil. Moles were composed of 3 different materials; compost, sand and mixture of compost with sand (1:1). Two depths of moles (0.3 and 0.5 m) and three distances among moles (10, 15 and 20 m) were investigated in this work. The results indicated that:-The Piezometric head increases as the distance among moles increases and vice versa. At each mole spacing, the Piezometric head decreases as the time advances after irrigations. However, the 10 m mole spacing achieved the best significant results over the 15 and 20 m spacing.-The highest yield (2737 kg/fed) was obtained by using compost, 10 m distance among moles and 0.5 m moles' depth.-Decreasing distance among moles, increases yield, penetration resistance (PR), hydraulic conductivity (Kh) and infiltration rate.-Increasing mole depth, increases yield, (Kh) and infiltration rate while decreases (PR).

Integrated Effect of Mole Drains Systems and Planting Methods on Saline Soil Chemical Properties and Wheat Productivity

“…Further, the PIW of wheat grains planted in furrows was higher than those cultivated in basin treatments. This probably was due to less irrigation water is sufficient for wider and deeper moles as compared with narrow and shallower drain mole (Ali et al, 2007;El-Adl, 2011;Aiad, 2014;El-Sanat et al, 2017). In addition, these results confirmed previous findings by Hassan et al(2005), Ghane et al (2009), andSingh et al (2022), who emphasized the provision of irrigation water by furrows methods.…”

“…This reversible trend may be explained based on the cultivation effect (Marschenr, 2011). The high N uptake in the grains of wheat plots with applying mole drains system mainly attributed to the found improve physical, chemical and biological soil properties (El-Adl, 2011;Aiad, 2014;Abdel-Fattah et al, 2016;El-Sanat et al, 2017;Abou Hussien et al, 2020). In addition, data in Table ( 5) also show that, with the same treatment of mole drains, both N concentration (%) and uptake (kgfed -1 ) under furrows planting method were higher than those found with the wheat plants planted in basins planting method which in harmony with the improve in different soil properties and the found yields of grains (Kumar et al, 2010;Aiad et al, 2021).…”

“…63, No. 2 (2023) channel while the stem prevents the lumps of topsoil associated with tillage from falling down into the channel (Kolekar et al, 2011).Mole drains (pipeless) was used on a large scale with heavy clay soils to reclaim it and improve their productivity (Antar et al, 2008;El-Adl, 2011;El-Sanat et al, 2017;Bayoumi, 2019).Deep plowing will improve the movement of irrigation water downward, carrying the salts from the surface layers, decreasing soil pH, EC, and ESP in combination with compost applications (El-Sanat et al, 2017;Abou Hussien et al, 2020). Distance between mole drains and their depth were the most important factors that affecting the efficiency of mole drains in improving saline soil properties.…”