Effect of Drag Reducing Polymers on Two-Phase Gas–Liquid Flows in a Horizontal Pipe

Drag reduction in co-current down flow packed column using xanthan gum

“…But increasing the liquid mass velocity of polymer solution creates a smooth surface on solid particles for flow past the solid surface and also it damps eddies created near the surface. The drag reduction is sensitive to the gas and liquid superficial velocities and the particle shape and size, which are in good agreement with the observations of Al-sarkhi et al [6,7] studies. Al-sarkhi et al [6,7] confirmed that maximum drag reduction was achieved in the case of low superficial gas velocity and the highest superficial liquid velocity.…”

“…The drag reduction is sensitive to the gas and liquid superficial velocities and the particle shape and size, which are in good agreement with the observations of Al-sarkhi et al [6,7] studies. Al-sarkhi et al [6,7] confirmed that maximum drag reduction was achieved in the case of low superficial gas velocity and the highest superficial liquid velocity. Jourdan et al [19] also reported maximum drag reduction for lower limits of gas velocity and for higher liquid velocity.…”

“…The dependency of drag reduction on various factors, including polymer molecular weight, polymer concentration and temperature, have been investigated by many authors [5][6][7][8]. Based on the literature review, it was found that the effect of xanthan gum as drag reducing agent in co-current air-water down flow through a packed column has not been reported till date.…”

Friction factor correlations for gas–liquid/liquid–liquid flows with drag-reducing polymers in horizontal pipes

“…Moreover, Al-sarkhi and Hanratty (2001a), Soleimani et al (2001b), Al-sarkhi and Soleimani (2004) found that the injection of a concentrated solution of a co-polymer of polyacrylamide and sodium acrylate into air-water flow in 2.54 cm ID and 9.53 cm ID pipe changed annular and slug flow patterns to a stratified wavy flow pattern by eliminating the disturbance waves in the liquid film. Furthermore, Soleimani et al (2002) concluded that dragreducing polymers damp small wavelength waves on the interface between gas and liquid in stratified flow and this results in a lower interfacial friction factor.…”

Effect of drag reducing polymers on oil–water flow in a horizontal pipe

“…Drag reduction was reported but the most interesting aspect of these works is that the configuration of the phases can be changed. Al-Sarkhi and Hanratty (2001), Soleimani et al (2002) and Al-Sarkhi and Soleimani (2004) found that the injection of a concentrated solution of a co-polymer of polyacrylamide and sodium acrylate into air-water flow in 1 in. ID and 4 in.…”