Effect of earthworm oil on formation of collagen type III during wound healing process in BALB/c mice

Abstract

Introduction: Eisenia fetida is a species of earthworm. The oil extracted from this species has been found to have antimicrobial and antioxidant characteristics as well as omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 fatty acids in its contents. The regenerative properties of this compound are very impressive. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of earthworm oil on wound healing based on collagen type III formation in the BALB/c mice. Materials and methods: The present experimental study was conducted in Birjand, Iran, in 2019. Forty-eight male adults BALB/c mice were divided into 4 groups (12 mice in each group). The intervention group received earthworm oil, the negative and positive control groups received sesame oil and 1% nitrofurazone cream, respectively, whereas the sham group received no treatment at al. A full-thickness excision wound with a 5-mm disposable surgical punch was made on the dorsal skin of all mice after anesthesia. The wounds in groups 1, 2, and 3 were dressed twice a day. At days 4, 7, 10, and 14 after wounding, excisional biopsy was performed and the sample was examined histologically and immunohistochemically using the ImageJ software. Data were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey tests using SPSS software version 22. Results: In the tissue samples treated with earthworm oil, the number of fibroblast cells and granulation tissue formation and epithelialization significantly increased; the thickness of type III collagen fibers in this group predominantly increased in comparison to other control groups. Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that the earthworm oil has a positive effect on the wound healing process, especially by promoting the collagen synthesis.

Topical metformin accelerates wound healing by promoting collagen synthesis and inhibiting apoptosis in a diabetic wound model

“… 47 , 48 Increasing the amount and organization of collagen with many agents used has been directly associated with accelerating and improving the wound repair process. 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 In an in vivo model, in which the effect of calcium alginate on wounds was examined and parallel to our study, it was reported that COLI expression increased from the 3rd day to the 14th day in the treated group, and there was no significant difference in COLIII expressions between the two groups. 56 Ganeshkumar et al showed that topically applied Acalypha indica extract improved cellular proliferation by significantly increasing the expression of COLI (150%) and COLIII (180%) on the 7th day of scar tissue.…”

“…Thus, the highest percentage of type I collagen compared to Type III collagen indicates the collagen maturation status 47,48 . Increasing the amount and organization of collagen with many agents used has been directly associated with accelerating and improving the wound repair process 49–55 . In an in vivo model, in which the effect of calcium alginate on wounds was examined and parallel to our study, it was reported that COLI expression increased from the 3rd day to the 14th day in the treated group, and there was no significant difference in COLIII expressions between the two groups 56 .…”

Earthworms: Anti-Aging Skin Care Miracle

“…While these testimonials provide valuable insights into the real-world experiences of users, they complement the rigorous scientific research that forms the cornerstone of our understanding of earthworm-based skincare's effects. This convergence of empirical evidence from both controlled studies and user feedback serves to fortify the argument for earthworm-derived skincare as a promising avenue in the quest for effective anti-aging solutions (Afshar et al, 2022).…”

“…Clinical trials, laboratory analyses, and user testimonials collectively bolster the argument for their inclusion in skincare formulations. Rigorous testing and peer-reviewed studies have begun to substantiate the claims of improved skin texture, reduced fine lines, and enhanced hydration with consistent application of earthwormbased skincare products (Afshar et al, 2022).…”

Nanomaterial strategies in wound healing: A comprehensive review of nanoparticles, nanofibres and nanosheets

“…Disruptions in this process can lead to delayed or impaired healing. 15 , 16 In the following section, each stage will be explained in detail.…”