Effect of educational intervention based on theory of planned behaviour on promoting preventive behaviours of oral cancer in rural women

Abstract

Background Oral cancer has created an alarming situation around the world, and being the 16th most common cancer worldwide, it has become a global concern. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of educational intervention based on a theory of planned behavior (TPB) on promoting preventive behaviors of oral cancer in rural women. Methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 120 female hookah users referring to rural health centers in Fasa and Shiraz city, Fars province, Iran. The subjects were divided into experimental and control groups by simple random sampling. The educational intervention for the experimental group consisted of 8 training sessions of 50 min. Both groups completed a questionnaire including demographic characteristics and constructs of TPB before and four months after the educational intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software through independent t-test, chi-square, and paired t-test (p = 0.05). Results The mean age of the experimental and control group subjects were 41.12 ± 8.86 and 40.63 ± 9.62 years, respectively (p = 0.185). The mean age of onset of hookah use in the experimental and control group was 24.16 ± 9.50 and 23.35 ± 9.44 years, respectively (p = 0.182). Also, before the educational intervention, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of knowledge (p < 0.189), attitude (p < 0.122), perceived behavioral control (p < 0.142), subjective norms (p < 0.236), behavioral intention (p < 0.126), oral cancer prevention behaviors (p < 0.108) and nicotine dependence (p < 0.218); however, four months after the educational intervention, there was a significant increase in the experimental group in all variables except nicotine dependence (p < 0.005). Conclusion Due to the alarming situation of oral cancer and the prevalence of hookah use among women, educational programs based on TPB could effectively prevent hookah use and oral cancer.

Effects of educational interventions based on the theory of planned behavior on oral cancer-related knowledge and tobacco smoking in adults: a cluster randomized controlled trial

“…Consistent with our results, a number of national and international studies have confirmed the significant impact of educational interventions on improving knowledge about oral cancer [ 12 , 19 , 20 , 28 , 29 ]. However, our findings stand in contrast to an RCT conducted among Taiwanese with a history of betel quid chewing and smoking.…”

“…Furthermore, consistent with the results of many previous studies [ 19 – 22 , 31 – 34 ], positive changes in knowledge, behavior, and the related constructs over time could be interpreted according to the theory concepts. The decrease in tobacco smoking could be attributed to the application of TPB, which is widely recognized as an effective model for facilitating sustainable behavioral change [ 15 ].…”

“…A number of epidemiological studies have investigated the impact of TPB-based educational interventions on improving knowledge about oral cancer or preventing cigarette, hookah, or tobacco smoking [ 17 – 22 ]. However, the majority of previous studies have been conducted on a small sample size [ 18 , 19 , 21 , 22 ], within a narrow age group [ 17 , 18 , 20 – 22 ], or among high-risk populations [ 19 , 21 ], without considering knowledge as the foundational basis of the TPB constructs [ 17 , 18 , 21 , 22 ]. Existing studies have yielded inconsistent results regarding the effects of the interventions [ 17 – 22 ].…”

High expression of HSP60 and survivin predicts poor prognosis for oral squamous cell carcinoma patients

“…The use of tobacco and heavy alcohol drinking are the two most important risk factors for OSCC [ 31 ], and other known risk factors including areca nut, narcotics, epigenetic factors and viral infections [ 32 , 33 ]. In this study, multivariate analysis proved that tobacco was an independent factor for poor prognosis in OSCC patients and there was no statistically significant difference for alcohol and OS.…”