Effect of Electroacupuncture at ST36 on the Intestinal Mucosal Mechanical Barrier and Expression of Occludin in a Rat Model of Sepsis

Abstract

Electrical stimulation at ST36 in rats with sepsis can increase protein expression of occludin, reduce serum D-lactate levels and increase permeability of the intestinal barrier.

Acupuncture at Zusanli (ST36) for Experimental Sepsis: A Systematic Review

“…Zhang et al, [79] CLP, ligated the root of the cecum, perforated 3 times with no. 16 needle Zhang et al, [80] CLP, ligated the lower section of the cecum (25% from the blind side of its total length) using 4-0 silk threads, perforated once with a 19-gauge needle Zhu et al, [73] CLP, ligated the base of the cecum, below the ileocecal valve, with a 2.0-silk, perforated 2 times with no.18 needle Torres-Rosas et al, [21] (1) 6 mg/kg LPS, intraperitoneally…”

“…Only 6 studies [51,52,61,64,75,77] reported using adult animals, 16 studies [30,34,38,40,49,50,53,57,62,65,68,69,73,[78][79][80] had no statement about animals' age, and the remaining 33 studies reported the specific age of the animals.…”

“…[72,74,77] or no. 30 silk [57,58,62], 3 of the 26 reports, respectively), the number of puncture administration (onetime [21,57,58,62,74,77,80] or three times [54, 55, 59-61, 64, 79], 7 of the 26 reports, respectively), the size of needles used for puncture (no. 16 needles in 10 studies [54, 55, 59-61, 64, 66, 76, 79, 81] out of the 26 reports) and the number of puncture pores (two pores in 7 studies [50,57,58,62,72,74,77] out of 26 studies).…”

“…Acupuncture pretreatment was applied in 27 studies [29-49, 51, 63, 72, 74, 77, 78], another 24 studies administrated acupuncture after sepsis model induction, and the remaining 3 studies [21,52,73] applied the acupuncture both before and after model induction in different groups. Bipolar waveform (BW) was used in 22 studies 80] to performed stimulation in EA, continuous waveform (CW) in 1 study [62], and periodic waveform (PW) in 2 studies [57,58]; all the three waveforms were used to treat and compared in different TG in 3 studies [72,74,77], and the remaining 24 studies did not mention the waveform in EA stimulation. e frequency applied in EA treatment in the studies varied from 2 Hz to 100 Hz.…”

“…However, 5 studies had no statement about the current [50,62,67,70,71] they used. 36 articles had no statement about the pulse width, which varied from 0.03 ms to 2 ms in the other 16 articles [21,31,33,35,36,38,42,43,45,48,49,63,67,69,70,80]. Four articles [21,[64][65][66] described the value of the voltage, which is rarely a user-modifiable option on EA devices.…”