Effect of Endotoxin on Opossum Gallbladder Motility: A Model of Acalculous Cholecystitis

Effects of NO/L-Arginine Pathway on Gallbladder Contractility in Bile Duct Ligated Guinea Pigs

“…Nitric oxide causes concentration-dependent relaxation of gallbladder smooth muscle [9]. Cullen et al [10] reported that in vitro inhibition of nitric oxide synthase reversed the decreased contractile response to cholecystokinin-8 in an endotoxin-induced model of acalculous cholecystitis in the opossum gallbladder. In the present study, aminoguanidine was not applied directly to the muscle strips, but rather was given in vivo at the time of CBDL and in the postoperative period during the ongoing evolution of the acute inflammatory response.…”

Two reports of acute neonatal acalculous cholecystitis (necrotizing cholecystitis) in a 2-week-old premature infant and a term neonate

“…The E coli lipopolysaccharide endotoxin has been known to cause ischemic insult and gallbladder stasis. A dose of 0.005 mg/kg of endotoxin decreases the contractile response to cholecystokinin octapeptide for up to 96 hours after endotoxin administration and decreases the contractile response to electrical field stimulation for 48 hours after administration [13]. Studies using microangiography have demonstrated that the microangiopathy found in the patients with AAC is constant regardless of the multifactorial cause.…”

Smooth muscle function and dysfunction in gallbladder disease

“…Endotoxins may be involved: In opossums receiving Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, gallbladder contractile responses to hormonal (CCK) and neural stimuli (electric field stimulation ) were indeed decreased [82]. The role of other inflammatory mediators, namely the effect of histamine on smooth muscle contractility, needs to be considered [102].…”

“…12,19•,23•,33,36,38•,51,59,61•,62-67,68•,70•,71•,[72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82]. Alternatively, whole gallbladders of the guinea pig or ground squirrel are studied by tensiometry[83][84][85].…”