Effect of Excoecaria agallocha on non-specific immune responses and disease resistance of Oreochromis niloticus against Streptococcus agalactiae

Abstract

The current study was designed to evaluate the effects of Excoecaria agallocha leaf extracts on immune mechanisms and resistance of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, after challenge with Streptococcus agalactiae. Fish were divided into 6 groups; groups 1-5 fed with E. agallocha leaf extracts at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50mgkg level, respectively. Group 6 were fed without extract addition and acted as control. E. agallocha extracts were administered as feed supplement in fish diet for 28days and the hematological, immunological, and growth performance studies were conducted. Fish were infected with S. agalactiae at a dose of 15×105CFUmL and the total white blood cell (WBC), phagocytosis and respiratory burst activities of leukocytes, serum bactericidal activity, lysozyme, total protein, albumin, and globulin levels were monitored and mortalities recorded for 15days post infection. Results revealed that feeding O. niloticus with 50mgkg of E. agallocha enhanced WBC, phagocytic, respiratory burst, serum bactericidal and lysozyme activities on day 28 pre-challenge and on 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th and 15th day post-challenge as compared to control. Total protein and albumin were not enhanced by E. agallocha diet. E. agallocha increased the survival of fish after challenge with S. agalactiae. The highest mortality rate (97%) was observed in control fish and the lowest mortality (27%) was observed with group fed with 50mgkg extract. The results indicate that dietary intake of E. agallocha methanolic leaf extract in O. niloticus enhances the non-specific immunity and disease resistance against S. agalactiae pathogen.

Effect of Indian lotus (Nelumbo nuciferaGaertn.) leaf powder on immune status and disease resistance of Nile tilapia

“…The augmentation of both serum lysozyme and serum bactericidal activity strengthened the immunostimulant effect of Indian lotus on fish. Similar improvements in serum bactericidal activity were reported in Nile tilapia fed on Excoecaria agallocha (Laith et al, ). Moreover, administration of Ixora coccinea in ornamental goldfish, Carassius auratus (Anusha, Thangaviji, Velmurugan, Michaelbabu, & Citarasu, ) and Henna, Lawsonia inermi s, in common carp (Soltanian & Fereidouni, ) induced increased serum killing activity.…”

Non-specific immune responses and intestinal immunity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio ) fed Jujube (Ziziphus jujube ) fruit extract

“…In the present study, the highest lysozyme activity was observed in the concentration of high dose treatment. Similar to our results, evaluation of lysozyme activity has been reported with thoodhuvalai (Solanum trilobatum) and heart‐leaved moonseed (Tinospora cordifolia) in Mossambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Alexander, John Wesly Kirubakaran, & Michael, ; Divyagnaneswari, Christybapita, & Michael, ); holy Basil ( Ocimum sanctum) in rohu, Labeo rohita (Das, Raman, Saha, & Singh, ); peppermint (Mentha piperita) in Caspian brown trout, Salmo trutta caspius (Adel, Safari, Pourgholam, Zorriehzahra, & Esteban, ); henna (Lawsonia inermis) in common carp (Soltanian & Fereidouni, ); Excoecaria agallocha and Chinese mahogany ( Toona sinensis) in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Laith et al, ; Wu, Liu, Chang, & Hsieh, ), and common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) in golden pompano, Trachinotus ovatus (Tan, Sun, Chen, et al, ; Tan, Sun, Huang, et al, ). Similar results were noted in common carp fed diets enriched with turmeric powder, Curcuma longa (Abdel‐Tawwab & Abbass, ), or Nile tilapia fed diets enriched with green tea, Camellia sinensis (Abdel‐Tawwab et al, ), American ginseng, Panax quinquefolium (Abdel‐Tawwab, ), or cinnamon ( Cinnamomum zeylanicum ) nanoparticles (Abdel‐Tawwab et al, ).…”

Effect of Psidium guajava and Phyllanthus acidus Leaf Extract on Immunostimulant Response of Nile Tilapia Against Streptococcus agalactiae Infection

“…The use of environment-friendly prophylactic and therapeutic agents can reduce such risks. Various herbal bioactive extracts have been used as an alternative approach to control diseases in aquaculture (Gültepe et al, 2014;Laith et al, 2017), and as immunostimulants (Ataguba et al, 2014;Kamble et al, 2015). The present work evaluates the efficacy of aqueous extracts of plants on immuno-hemato parameter and disease resistance of Nile tilapia against S. agalactiae and other fish pathogens (Abutbul et al, 2005).…”