Effect of exercise on night periodic breathing and loop gain during hypoxic confinement

Abstract

Background and objective: Hypoxic exercise exacerbates periodic breathing in otherwise healthy, awake humans. Interactions between sleep, exercise and hypoxic exposure have not been fully elucidated. Methods: Fourteen men were confined 10 days to a simulated altitude of 4175 m (FIO2 = 0.139; PIO2 = 88 mm Hg). They were randomly assigned to an exercise intervention of 2 × 60-min cycle exercise/day at 50% of their hypoxia-specific peak power output (exercise, n = 8), or they completed no exercise (control, n = 6, random order). Sleep and breathing were objectively assessed via full polysomnography on night 1, after 14-h acute exposure (N1), and again on night 10 (N10). Results: The exercise group spent more time in light sleep than control on N10 (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.5-15.0%; P = 0.013) and experienced more stage shifts (CI: 13-44; P = 0.023) on both nights compared with control. The exercise group experienced more apnoea-hypopnoea (AH) events per hour compared with control (CI: 1-110; P = 0.046); AH events that were associated with night desaturations were also higher on N1 (exercise: 397 ± 320, control: 124 ± 205, P = 0.047) and N10 (exercise: 375 ± 229, control: 110 ± 138, P = 0.028, CI: 49-489 total events; P = 0.020). The length of hyperpnoea was increased from 12.8 ± 2.2 s on N1 to 14.6 ± 2.7 s on N10 (P = 0.008), and thus, total cycle length also increased (P = 0.002) in both cohorts. Mean pooled duty ratios were 0.68 ± 0.02 on N1 and 0.69 ± 0.02 on N10 (group effect P = 0.617). Conclusion: Daily, moderate-intensity exercise in normobaric hypoxia equivalent to 4175 m exacerbated AH events, and negatively affected sleep architecture in exercisers compared with matched controls.

The Effect of Pandemic Movement Restriction Policies on Children's Physical Fitness, Activity, Screen Time, and Sleep

“…Dumuid et al have suggested that avoiding declines in MVPA is even more important for promoting health outcomes than efforts to increase MVPA per se, especially among inactive children (41). Prolonged confinement negatively affects mental health, cardiovascular and metabolic function, and sleep (42)(43)(44), and as the MVPA of Slovenian school children decreases, there may yet be direct, lasting, negative effects on aerobic function, musculoskeletal fitness, and mental health (42), especially since overall physical fitness is so closely connected to MVPA. Considering the prolonged, repeated periods of increased sedentarism during regional lockdowns globally, children are missing out on vital opportunities to engage in organized, quality, high-intensity PA that make up the basis for maintaining fitness, especially for those of lower fitness states.…”

Year in review 2016: Interstitial lung disease, pulmonary vascular disease, pulmonary function, paediatric lung disease, cystic fibrosis and sleep

“…In contrast to the normal ventilatory acclimation that occurs with hypoxia or altitude, 98 physical activity may blunt or delay this response, with implications for those trekking or working under these conditions. 97 Low doses of oral sustained-release morphine can be effective in managing refractory breathlessness in patients with severe respiratory disease. 99 However, clinicians appear hesitant to prescribe opioid medication in respiratory patients, possibly because of concerns about the impact on breathing.…”

Effect of Physical Exercises With Respiratory Simulators on Clinical and Functional Indicators in Patients With Bronchopulmonary and Cerebrovascular Pathology

“…Среди ТД, доказательно влияющих на рост дыхательных резервов, рассматриваются нагрузочные спирометры с вибрационными функциями [6,7]. Применение ТД способствует уменьшению воздушных ловушек, активации выделения секрета в бронхах, росту про-ницаемости бронхиол для ингаляций фармпрепаратов [15,19]. С учетом этих рекомендаций конструкция дыхательного тренажера «Новое дыхание» способствует изменению механического сопротивления с дополнительной низкочастотной вибрацией воздушного потока.…”