Effect of Exercise Training on Arterial Stiffness in Overweight or Obese Populations

Abstract

The purpose was to analyze the effects of exercise training (ET) on arterial stiffness in all-age overweight or obese individuals. Sixty-one trials were included with ET improving flow-mediated dilation (FMD), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and intima-media thickness (IMT). In the subgroup analysis: (i) ET improved FMD in overweight or obese children and adolescents with a large effect size (SMD=0.83, 95% CI 0.42–1.25). PWV was decreased after ET regardless of age. IMT was decreased by ET in participants younger than 60, (ii) ET improved FMD, PWV, and IMT in participants whose BMI were smaller than 30 kg/m2, but ET only improved PWV of participants whose BMI were larger than 30 kg/m2. (iii) AE improved FMD, PWV, and IMT. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) decreased IMT. (iv) The increase of FMD only happened when training duration was longer than eight weeks. However, ET decreased PWV when the training duration was no longer than 12 weeks. IMT was decreased when the training duration was longer than eight weeks. ET instigated an improvement in endothelial function and arterial stiffness in overweight or obese populations, but depending on the different characteristics of exercise intervention and participants’ demographics.

Effects of rope skipping exercise on physical, cardiovascular fitness and exercise tolerance in adolescent students with moderate intellectual disability

“…However, if this population continues to lead a sedentary lifestyle, their cardiovascular functions will be adversely impacted (Schroeder et al 2020). Strategies to prevent and treat arterial stiffness primarily rely on lifestyle changes such as aerobic exercise and weight loss (Artinian et al 2010;Cheng et al 2022;Gong and Liu 2022). Increasing aerobic fitness and physical activity is the key to improving arteriosclerosis risk and should be adopted as a long-term exercise strategy (Conraads et al 2015;Gong and Liu 2022).…”

“…Strategies to prevent and treat arterial stiffness primarily rely on lifestyle changes such as aerobic exercise and weight loss (Artinian et al 2010;Cheng et al 2022;Gong and Liu 2022). Increasing aerobic fitness and physical activity is the key to improving arteriosclerosis risk and should be adopted as a long-term exercise strategy (Conraads et al 2015;Gong and Liu 2022). Exercise can induce changes in vascular haemodynamics, including reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, decreased vascular endothelial cell viscosity, antioxidant effects, reduced production of reactive oxygen species and increased bioavailability of nitric oxide and can improve vascular endothelial function (Anderson 2006;Tinken et al 2010).…”

“…2010; Cheng et al . 2022; Gong and Liu 2022). Increasing aerobic fitness and physical activity is the key to improving arteriosclerosis risk and should be adopted as a long‐term exercise strategy (Conraads et al .…”

“…Regular exercise may benefit the balance, muscle strength, and quality of life of people with ID (Bartlo and Klein 2011;Bouzas et al 2019). Studies have shown that aerobic exercise may greatly improve aortic compliance, delay aortic stiffness caused by aging, obesity, metabolic syndrome and hypertension through changing the structure and function of the aortic wall, which may effectively reduce blood pressure (Donley et al 2014;Kim et al 2017a;Gong and Liu 2022). A meta-analysis of exercise interventions for people with ID showed that age, level of ID and type of exercise all contribute to the impact of exercise on the physical and mental health of this population.…”

“…2014; Kim et al . 2017a; Gong and Liu 2022). A meta‐analysis of exercise interventions for people with ID showed that age, level of ID and type of exercise all contribute to the impact of exercise on the physical and mental health of this population.…”