Effect of Extraction Techniques on Phytochemicals and Antioxidants Activity of Garcinia quaesita Leaves

Abstract

Garcinia quaesita is an endemic plant in Sri Lanka with a wide array of domestic and medicinal values, yet very limited studies have been reported. The goal of this study was to investigate the phytochemicals and antioxidants capacity of leaves of G. quaesita under different extraction techniques in order to monitor the effect of extraction techniques on the above parameters. Water was used as the solvent and four extraction methods, namely sonication (EN01, one-hour,RT, 40 kHz), Soxhlet (EN02, six-hours, 105 ºC), maceration with agitation (EN03, six-hours, RT, 1000 rpm), and maceration with agitation upon heating (EN04, six-hours, 60 ºC, 1000 rpm), were applied. Phytochemical screenings and quantification of polyphenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), tannins (TTC), terpenoids (TC), saponins (SC), and alkaloids (AC) were performed using standard methods, whereas antioxidants capacity was assessed using FRAP and DPPH assays. The results revealed that G. quaesita contains a wide range of phytochemicals and the TPC, TTC and SC profiles appeared to be higher in the extraction process of EN04 (60.73 ± 0.06 mg GAE/g, 60.12 ± 0.06 mg TAE/g, and 257.64 ± 0.72 mg SE/g, respectively) whereas those were lower in the technique EN01. In addition, TFC and TC levels were high in EN02 (3.02 ± 0.00 mg QE/g and 17.75 ± 0.04 mM LE/g respectively) and besides, TFC was low in method EN03, whereas TC was low in EN01. Interestingly, AC was found to be higher in EN03 (1.16 ± 0.03 mg AE/g) and lesser in EN02. Total antioxidant capacity ( FRAP value) was calculated to be higher in extraction method EN04 (72.08 ± 0.00 mg Trolox Eq/g) whereas it was lower in extraction method EN01. The method, EN03 gave the lower IC50 value in DPPH radical scavenging assay (10.49 ± 0.12 mg/ml), indicating high scavenging activity. In conclusion, the extraction technique EN04 is well suitable to extract polyphenolics and antioxidants from G. quaesita leaves. Though G. quaesita leaves contain a diverse range of bioactive compounds and antioxidants properties, it is important to choose the correct extraction technique based on the objectives of the desired research work, as the number of phytochemicals extracted, and antioxidant capacity varies depending on the extraction technique used. Full paper submission of ICIET 2021

Marching towards bioeconomy: Larvicidal effect of three indigenous plant extracts from Sri Lanka—Garcinia quaesita,Garcinia zeylanica, andColeus hadiensison dengue vectorAedes aegypti

“…Finally, considering the LC 50 and LC 90 values, the extract of the G. zeylanica is the most appropriate for potential controlling programs of mosquito larvae. Kishore et al (2011) reviewed the efficacy of phytochemicals against mosquito larvae according to their chemical nature and have described the mosquito larvicidal potentiality of several plant derived secondary materials such as alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and simple aromatics, essential oils and fatty acids, lactones, terpenes alkaloids, steroids, isoflavonoids, pterocarpans and lignans (Son & Tram 2013).…”

“…It has Fruits with a diameter of up to 8 cm and a glossy pale-yellow color. G. zeylanica is used to treat Ulcers, Rheumatism, Bowel problems, Anorexia, Chronic dyspepsia, for fractures and it has medical properties like Antiseptic (Kokilananthan et al 2022). Garcinia is grown specifically to harvest its fruits, which are then used in food as a spice or condiment and in various forms of ayurvedic or traditional medicine (Kokilananthan et al 2022).…”

Investigations of chemical compositions and antioxidative potential of essential oils isolated from the leaves of two Garcinia species

“…Trolox ((±)-6-hydroxy-2, 5, 7, 8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid) was used as a standard, and the results were expressed in μL Trolox Eq/L. [ 11 12 ]…”

“…Kokilananthan et al previously published two articles based on chemical analysis of leaves, which revealed that the methanolic and aqueous extracts contain several important phytochemicals with antioxidative potential (AP), such as flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, phenolics, and terpenoids. [ 7 8 ] As no previous studies on the essential oils (EOs) of these two plants' leaves, and currently EOs are attracted considerable interest from scientific community, this work aimed to extract the EOs from the leaves of G. zeylanica and G. quaesita and analyze the CCs and the AP of them.…”

Chemical profile and antioxidants property of Eryngium foetidum L. leaves – use of HPLC methods to optimize extracting solvents to be used in functional food development

“…Qualitative tests for bioactive compounds such as polyphenolic, tannin, flavonoid, saponin, alkaloid, terpenoid, coumarin, glycoside, anthocyanin, betacyanin, chalcones, and quinones of methanolic extract were carried out in triplicates using standard procedures described in the literature (Abubakar and Haque, 2020;Gayathri and Kiruba, 2014;Kokilananthan et al, 2022c;Wadood et al, 2013). Quantification of some phytochemicals 0.10 g of methanolic extract was dissolved in 0.25 ml of DMSO and diluted with 100.0 ml of methanol to make a 1000 ppm concentration.…”