Effect of Fat Source on Duodenal Flow of Trans-C18:1 Fatty Acids and Milk Fat Production in Dairy Cows

Kalscheur, K.F.; Teter, B.B.; Piperova, Liliana S.; Erdman, R.A.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(97)76157-5

Cited by 117 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Based on the equation of Wu et al (1991), flaxseed supplementation reduced ruminal BH of total unsaturated C 18 , which agrees with some researchers (Klusmeyer and Clark 1991;Wu et al 1991;Pantoja et al 1996) but not others (Tice et al 1994;Hussein et al 1996;Kalscheur et al 1997). Beam et al (2000) reported that increasing the amount of fat in the diet induces a decline in the rate of lipolysis, which is the limiting step in ruminal BH of FA (Jenkins 1993).…”

Section: Biohydrogenation Of Fasupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Effects of fat supplementation on total tract digestibility of LCFA are inconsistent. Feeding supplemental fat to dairy cows increased (Klusmeyer and Clark 1991;Romo et al 2000), decreased (Tice et al 1994;Hussein et al 1996) or had no effect (Wu et al 1991;Kalscheur et al 1997) on apparent total tract digestibility of individual FA.…”

Section: Intakes and Flows Of Famentioning

confidence: 98%

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Feeding micronized and extruded flaxseed to dairy cows: Effects on digestion and ruminal biohydrogenation of long-chain fatty acids

Gonthier¹,

Mustafa²,

Berthiaume³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Four lactating Holstein cows fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulae were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square study to determine the effects of feeding micronized and extruded flaxseed on ruminal biohydrogenation (BH) and digestibility of fatty acids (FA) in the gastrointestinal tract. Four diets were formulated: a control diet with no flaxseed (C); a raw flaxseed diet (RF); a micronized flaxseed diet (MF); and an extruded flaxseed diet (EF). Flaxseed diets contained 126 g kg -1 flaxseed (dry matter basis). Experimental periods (n = 4) consisted of 21 d of diet adaptation and 7 d of data collection. Flaxseed supplementation increased (P < 0.05) intake of individual long-chain FA, reduced (P < 0.05) ruminal BH of total unsaturated C 18 , and increased (P < 0.05) duodenal flow of individual long-chain FA except for C 18:2 . Feeding flaxseed increased (P < 0.05) post-ruminal digestibility of C 18:1 , C 18:2, and C 18:3 and total tract digestibility of C 16:0 , C 18:2, C 18:3 , and of total long-chain FA. Heat treatment had no effect on ruminal BH, duodenal flow and digestibility of unsaturated FA. Ruminal BH of C 18:3 was higher (P < 0.05), while the duodenal flow of C 18:3 was lower (P < 0.05) for cows fed EF than for those fed MF. Intake and duodenal flow of C 16:0 were higher (P < 0.05) for cows fed MF relative to those fed EF. It was concluded that inclusion of flaxseed in dairy cow diets increased duodenal flow of polyunsaturated FA. However, heat treatments were not effective in protecting unsaturated FA from ruminal BH. . Les rations contenaient 126 g de graines de lin par kg (poids de la matière sèche). Les expériences (n = 4) ont duré 21 jours pour l'adaptation au régime plus 7 jours pour la collecte des données. Le supplément de graines de lin augmente (P < 0,05) l'absorption des AG à chaîne longue, diminue (P < 0,05) la BH des C 18 insaturés et accroît (P < 0,05) le passage des AG à chaîne longue dans le duodénum sauf les C 18:2 . Les graines de lin augmentent (P < 0,05) la digestibilité des C 18:1 , des C 18:2 et des C 18:3 après leur passage dans le rumen et la digestibilité globale des C 16:0 , des C 18:2 , des C 18:3 ainsi que des AG totaux à chaîne longue dans l'ensemble du tractus. Le conditionnement thermique n'a aucune incidence sur la BH dans le rumen, sur le débit du duodénum ni sur la digestibilité des AG insaturés. Les vaches recevant du LE présentaient une meilleure BH des C 18:3 dans le rumen (P < 0,05), mais aussi un ralentissement du passage des C 18:3 dans le duodénum (P < 0,05) comparativement à celles nourries avec du LM. Le taux d'ingestion et le débit des C 16:0 dans le duodénum sont plus élevés (P < 0,05) chez les vaches nourries de LM que chez celles recevant du LE. On en conclut qu'inclure des graines de lin à la ration des vaches laitières accélère le passage des AG polyinsaturés dans le duodénum. Toutefois, le conditionnement thermique ne permet pas de protéger les AG insaturés de la BH dans le rumen. Mots clés:Lin, bio-hydrogénation dans le rumen, acides gras, conditionnement thermi...

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Section: Biohydrogenation Of Fasupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Intakes and Flows Of Famentioning

confidence: 98%

Feeding micronized and extruded flaxseed to dairy cows: Effects on digestion and ruminal biohydrogenation of long-chain fatty acids

Gonthier¹,

Mustafa²,

Berthiaume³

et al. 2004

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Kalscheur et al (1997) have also observed that vegetable oil-supplemented diets that maintain a normal ruminal environment have minimal effect on milk fat synthesis. Our study used a moderate (1.2% on a dry matter basis) level of SO, which probably did not upset the ruminal environment, as indicated by the absence of any effect on NDF or ADF digestibility values in Experiment 1 (Table 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary sources of vegetable fats on performance of dairy ewes and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in milk

Castro

Manso

Jimeno

et al. 2009

Small Ruminant Research

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ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords:Vegetable fats Milk performance Milk CLA Dairy eweTwo experiments were carried out to study the effects of supplementing the ration of lactating ewes with vegetable fats (sunflower oil, SO or hydrogenated palm oil, HPO; HIDROPALM®) on diet digestibility, milk yield and milk composition, and on the concentration of the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) C18:2 cis-9 trans-11 and C18:l trans-11 (vaccenic acid, VA) and other main fatty acids in milk fat. Treatments involved a control diet, without added oil, and 2 diets supplemented with either 12g/kg SO or 12g/kg HPO on a dry matter (DM) basis. In the first experiment, 6 non-pregnant, non-lactating Lacaune ewes were used following a 3 x 3 replicated Latin Square design. Addition of vegetable fat supplement to the diet increased digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP), but did not affect that of the ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) or acid detergent fibre (ADF). In the second experiment, 60 Lacaune dairy ewes mid-way through lactation (120 ±12 days in milk, 0.98 ± 0.03 kg/day average milk yield) were divided into three equalsized groups each of which was assigned to one of the three experimental diets for4 weeks. Compared with the control treatment, supplementation with HPO increased milk yield and energy-corrected milk. But neither vegetable fat supplement modified percentages of fat and protein in milk. Supplementation with HPO increased C14:l, C16:l and C16:0 content and reduced C18:0 and C18:l cis-9 content in milk fat. Supplementation with SO increased the VA content in milk fat by 36% and that of cis-9 trans-11 CLA by 29% in comparison with the control diet. Supplementation with HPO led to milk fat with 15% more cis-9 trans-11 CLA than control milk. In conclusion, adding a moderate dose of HPO or SO to the diets increased CLA concentration in milk fat. Nevertheless, supplementation with SO was more effective than HPO in increasing CLA concentration in milk fat and reducing the atherogenicity index, improving milk quality from the human health standpoint.

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“…Surprisingly, Kalscheur et al (1997) have observed an increase in trans-18 : 1 after feeding high-oleic sunflower oil, and attribute this effect to a sufficient amount of dietary linoleic acid available for biohydrogenation. The response of trans-18 : 1 content in milk to increasing levels of dietary linoleic acid has not been established.…”

Section: Trans-fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, their concentration in milk fat does not always indicate a reduction in milk fat (Kalscheur et al 1997). Recent work, summarized by Griinari et al (1997), suggests that the production in the rumen of the trans-10-18 : 1 isomer and its transfer to milk lipid is specifically responsible for the reduction in milk fat.…”

Section: Trans-fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targets and procedures for altering ruminant meat and milk lipids

Demeyer

Doreau²

1999

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

217

132

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Beef and dairy products suffer from a negative health image, related to the nature of their lipid fraction. Rumen lipid metabolism involves the presence of saturated lipids in ruminant tissues. Lipolysis, fatty acid biohydrogenation and formation of microbial fatty acids in the rumen and their effects on rumen outflow of fatty acids are discussed. Special emphasis is given to the formation of trans-fatty acids and the possibilities of decreasing biohydrogenation. Small differences in intestinal digestibilities of fatty acids are mentioned, followed by a discussion on transfer of absorbed fatty acids into milk and adipose tissue lipids. The preferential retention of polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as the balance between synthesis and incorporation of fatty acids in tissues is described. Dietary means for the modification of milk fat are listed, with special emphasis on the possibilities for enrichment in polyunsaturated fatty acids and the presence of conjugated linoleic acids. A description of the nature and development of fat depots in beef cattle is followed by a discussion of breed, conformation and feed effects on adipose tissue distribution and fatty acid composition. Special emphasis is given to the very lean Belgian Blue double-muscled breed. The review ends with a consideration of the limits to the modification of ruminant fats, involving considerations of consumer acceptance as well as animal welfare and environmental effects.

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Effect of Fat Source on Duodenal Flow of Trans-C18:1 Fatty Acids and Milk Fat Production in Dairy Cows

Cited by 117 publications

References 18 publications

Feeding micronized and extruded flaxseed to dairy cows: Effects on digestion and ruminal biohydrogenation of long-chain fatty acids

Feeding micronized and extruded flaxseed to dairy cows: Effects on digestion and ruminal biohydrogenation of long-chain fatty acids

Effects of dietary sources of vegetable fats on performance of dairy ewes and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in milk

Targets and procedures for altering ruminant meat and milk lipids

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