Effect of Fluoride Toothpaste Containing Nano-Sized Sodium Hexametaphosphate on Enamel Remineralization: An in situ Study

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the remineralizing potential of a conventional toothpaste (1,100 ppm F) supplemented with nano-sized sodium hexametaphosphate (HMPnano) in artificial caries lesions in situ. Design: This double-blinded crossed study was performed in 4 phases of 3 days each. Twelve subjects used palatal appliances containing 4 bovine enamel blocks with artificial caries lesions. Volunteers were randomly assigned into the following treatment groups: no F/HMP/HMPnano (Placebo); 1,100 ppm F (1100F); 1100F plus 0.5% micrometric HMP (1100F/HMP) and 1100F plus 0.5% nano-sized HMP (1100F/HMPnano). Volunteers were instructed to brush their natural teeth with the palatal appliances in the mouth for 1 min (3 times/day), so that blocks were treated with natural slurries of toothpastes. After each phase, surface hardness post-remineralization (SH2), integrated recovery of subsurface hardness (ΔIHR), integrated mineral recovery (ΔIMR) and enamel F concentration were determined. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and Student-Newman-Keuls’ test (p < 0.001). Results: Enamel surface became 42% harder when treated with 1100F/HMPnano in comparison with 1100F (p < 0.001). Treatment with 1100F/HMP and 1100F/HMPnano promoted an increase of ∼23 and ∼87%, respectively, in ΔIHR when compared to 1100F (p < 0.001). In addition, ΔIMR for the 1100F/HMPnano was ∼75 and ∼33% higher when compared to 1100F and 1100F/HMP respectively (p < 0.001). Enamel F uptake was similar among all groups except for the placebo (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The addition of 0.5% HMPnano to a conventional fluoride toothpaste was able to promote an additional remineralizing effect of artificial caries lesions.

In situ evaluation of a new toothpaste formulation containing fluoride, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate, and sodium trimetaphosphate on dental enamel demineralization and biofilm variables

“…Traditional methods, including regular routine visits to the dentist, brushing with uoridated toothpaste supplemented with Ca and P, management of cariogenic diets and topical application of professional uoride, are highlighted in the literature to reduce the incidence of dental caries [19,29,30,31]. The results of this study demonstrated that treatment with 1100F toothpaste associated with 10%CPP-ACP and 3%TMP led to a signi cant change in enamel demineralization and bio lm compared to the 1100F, 1100F-CPP-ACP and 1100F-TMP treatments.…”

“…Final polishing was carried with felt disks moistened with 1 μm diamond solution (Extec Corp. En eld, CT, USA). Next, the blocks were cleaned with deionized water using ultrasound (Unique USC 1400, Indaiatuba, SP, Brazil), operated at 40 Hz and 135 W for 20 min at room temperature [19].…”

In vitro effect of low-fluoride toothpaste supplemented with sodium trimetaphosphate, xylitol, and erythritol on enamel demineralization

“…The pH levels of toothpaste slurries were determined using a pH electrode (2A09E, Analyser, São Paulo, Brazil) calibrated with standard pH levels of 7.0 and 4.0. 16 …”

“…A layer of enamel (~ 50 µm) was then removed by microabrasion using a modified microscope base with an attached digital manometer (Pantec, São Paulo, Brazil) and 400 grit self-adhesive sanding disc (13 mm diameter) made of silicon-carbide(Buelher) fixed in crystal polystyrene flasks (J-10, Injeplast, Brazil). 16 The resulting enamel powder retained on the polishing discs was then agitated for 1 h after adding 0.5 mL of 0.5 mol L −1 HCl. For F analysis, a specific electrode 9409BN (Thermo Scientific, Beverly, USA) and microelectrode reference (Analyser, São Paulo, Brazil), coupled to an ion analyzer (Orion 720A+, Thermo Scientific, Beverly, USA), were used.…”

Effect of treatment with phosphate, casein phosphopeptide and fluoride on the remineralization: in vitro study

“…The experimental toothpastes were produced with the following components: titanium dioxide (Sigma-Aldrich); carboxymethyl cellulose (Sigma-Aldrich); methyl p-hydroxybenzoate sodium (Sigma-Aldrich); saccharin (Vetec); peppermint oil (Synth); glycerol (Sigma-Aldrich); abrasive silica (Tixosil 73); and sodium lauryl sulfate (Sigma-Aldrich), adjusted with deionized water to 100 g. NaF (Merck), was added to the F toothpaste to reach a concentration of 1,100 ppm F. 21,22 . A toothpaste with no added F (Placebo) was prepared using the same formulation as the others, and a commercial paste containing CPP-ACP associated with 900 ppm F-MI Paste Plus was used (MI Paste Plus).…”