Effect of Functional Water on the Antioxidant Property of Concentrated Reconstituted Juice

Abstract

People often consume juice to easily ingest antioxidants, which can scavenge free radicals and reduce the risk of lifestyle-related diseases. In this study, the SOD assay kit-WST method was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of two types of functional water, alkaline electrolyzed water (AlEW) and tourmaline water (TMW), reconstituted commercially available (Tropicana) and freshly squeezed concentrated juices and the effect of functional waters on physicochemical parameters and sensory evaluation of reconstituted juices was also analyzed. The reconstituted juice exhibited the highest antioxidant activity when the electrolysis current of AlEW was 8A or the tourmaline stone treatment temperature of TMW was 75 °C. Compared with the control group (69.4%), SOD activity of the reconstituted orange juice in the 8A-AlEW (77.2%) and 75 °C-TMW (84.5%) groups increased by 7.8 and 15.1%, respectively. Furthermore, the color and pH of the functional water reconstituted juice were not significantly different from the juice before concentration, and the taste was better. In summary, functional water could enhance the antioxidant activity of concentrated juice as a formula which could provide novel ideas for the development of functional beverages with antioxidant properties.

ORP should not be used to estimate or compare concentrations of aqueous H2: An in silico analysis and narrative synopsis

“…The ORP meter as seen in Figure 2 is an instrument frequently used by technical personnel in a variety of commercial and industrial sectors, such as environmental, wastewater treatment, food and beverage industry (Awulachew, 2021;Kondjoyan et al, 2022;Wu et al, 2022), pool and spa, and horticulture (Ari and Darren, 2014). A high positive ORP can indicate the effectiveness of sanitizing agents (oxidizers) used to kill various pathogens in water (Kim et al, 2000).…”

Aquaphotomics Investigation of Electrolyzed Hydrogen Water: Understanding the Water Molecular Structure and Its Role in Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species

“…The increasing popularity of 'functional water,' enriched with health-beneficial additives, reflects the growing trend of health-conscious consumer choices. Scientific research strongly supports the antioxidant effects of 2 vitamin-infused, herbal, and electrolyte-enhanced waters, as their antioxidant activity is derived from the inclusion of substances with well-established antioxidant properties [9,10].…”

“…However, the spotlight is increasingly turning towards emerging functional waters such as alkaline electrolyzed water, acidic electrolyzed water, electrolyzed hydrogen, hydrogen-enriched water, and tourmaline water. These waters are gaining attention not only for their potential health benefits but also because their distinctive properties arise from artificial treatments, not from the addition of substances with antioxidative properties [9,[11][12][13][14][15][16] Despite the increasing production and effectiveness of these newer options, the intricate mechanisms underlying their antioxidant and other health effects continue to be the subject of ongoing and intensive scientific exploration [9,[11][12][13]17]. Japan has emerged as a frontrunner in these initiatives; in 1993, the Japanese Society for Functional Water (JSFW) was established and serves as a national academic center dedicated to acquiring, accumulating, and disseminating accurate knowledge regarding functional water [18].…”

“…Extending the exploration into these functional waters, particular cases bring attention to their unique physico-chemical features and reported health-enhancing properties. For instance, Alkaline electrolyzed water (AlEW), also called electrolyzed-reduced water or electrochemically reduced water (ERW) is produced near cathode through electrolysis and has higher, alkaline pH (9.0 -10.0), higher electrical conductivity (EC) and dissolved hydrogen (DH) values, while lower oxidationreduction potential (ORP) and dissolved oxygen (DO) values [9,[19][20][21][22]. While ERW itself does not display antioxidant activity [23], there are studies showing it may exhibit superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) helping in ROS scavenging [24] and also enhancing the SOD activity of other antioxidants when used as solvent [23].…”

“…Hydrogen-enriched ERW (HW), produced by incorporating molecular hydrogen gas, was shown to delay skin aging [28]. Tourmaline water or also called tourmaline-modified water (TMW) is a functional water with electrochemical properties produced by water passing through stones made of tourmaline, a natural borosilicate mineral that releases negative ions and generates an electric field on its surfaces [9]. TMW was also shown to enhance antioxidant activity of well-known antioxidant, ascorbic acid [11,29].…”