Effect of Genotype, Environment, and Genotype × Environment Interaction on Tocopherol Accumulation in Soybean Seed

Abstract

Soybean seeds [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] are a major source of tocopherols that provide many human health benefits including decrease in lung cancer risk and osteoporosis. The objectives of this study were: (i) to determine the impact of genotype, environment, and genotype × environment on soybean seed tocopherols and (ii) to evaluate relationships between agronomic traits and tocopherols. Seventy‐nine recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the cross OAC Bayfield × OAC Shire were grown in three field locations in southern Ontario, Canada, in 2009 and 2010. Agronomic and seed quality data were collected in each location. Significant differences (P < 0.001) for the α‐, γ‐, δ‐, and total tocopherol concentrations were found in the seed of RILs using combined ANOVA for 2009 and 2010. Of the two parental lines, OAC Bayfield accumulated more total tocopherol at most environments. Genotype, location, and year differences were significant as well as genotype × location, location × year, and line × year interactions. Broad‐sense heritability estimates were 0.38 for α‐, 0.47 for γ‐, and 0.35 for δ‐tocopherol. None of the agronomic traits were consistently correlated with any of the tocopherol components; however, oil and protein concentration were correlated to some tocopherols in some of the environments. The wide range in values for α‐, γ‐, δ‐, and total tocopherols among the RIL population that exceeded both parents provided evidence for transgressive segregation. Our results suggest that soybean producers should take locations and genotypes into account when growing soybean for enhanced tocopherol production.

Molecular mapping of soybean seed tocopherols in the cross ‘OAC Bayfield’ × ‘OAC Shire’

“…As the combined anova tocopherol data from the field showed significant year and genotype × environment effects in a proceeding paper (Shaw et al. ), QTL were identified using single marker and interval mapping analysis for each location and year separately for α‐, γ‐, δ‐ and total soybean seed tocopherol.…”

“…To do this efficiently, many markers were tested across environments and years because tocopherol levels are greatly influenced by environment and genotype × environment (Shaw et al. ). This is in agreement with a number of previous studies demonstrating large environment and genotype × environment effects (Almonor et al.…”

“…Description of the experimental design, conditions and tocopherol extraction and HPLC analysis were provided in detail in a proceeding paper (Shaw et al. ) (AOCS, ). Briefly, in 2009 (F 10 ) and 2010 (F 11 ), 79 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross ‘OAC Bayfield’ × ‘OAC Shire’ were grown using a NN RCBD with two replications in three field locations at Elora (planted, 6 June 2009 and 26 May 2010), Woodstock (planted 26 May 2009 and 18 May 2010) and St. Pauls (planted 5 June 2009 and 20 May 2010), Ontario, Canada.…”

Tocopherol Content as Affected by Different Sowing Dates and its Correlation with Other Quality Traits in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]

“…Studies showed that low temperatures decreases total tocopherol content and higher concentrations of tocopherols are formed under warmer conditions (Almonor et al, 1998). Genotype x environment interation for tocopherols has also been reported by Ujiie et al, 2005;Shaw et al, 2015;Sharma and Goyal, 2015). These studies are based on limited environmental conditions i.e.…”

Quantitative trait loci underlying soybean seed tocopherol content with main additive, epistatic and QTL × environment effects

“…Traditionally, genetic improvement of soybean has relied on phenotypic selection of population pedigree from the cross between commercial cultivars or experimental lines (Falconer, Mackay, & Frankham, ; Stuber, Lincoln, Wolff, Helentjaris, & Lander, ). Individual and total Toc behaved as complex quantitative traits and were significantly affected by genotype (Kumar, Rani, Dixit, Bhatnagar, & Chauhan, ; Wang et al., ), environment (temperature and humidity, Almonor, Fenner, & Wilson, ; Britz, Kremer, & Kenworthy, ; Chennupati, Seguin, & Liu, ), genotype by environment interaction (Britz & Kremer, ; Shaw, Kakuda, & Rajcan, ) and some agronomic managements such as planting rate, seeding rate and row spacing (Dolde, Vlahakis, & Hazebroek, ; Dwiyanti et al., ; Scherder, Fehr, Welke, & Wang, ; Seguin, Tremblay, Pageau, & Liu, ). Additionally, among four Toc components, α‐Toc was the most responsive to the environment (Seguin et al., ).…”