Effect of hypoxia on immunological, physiological response, and hepatopancreatic metabolism of juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis

Abstract

The juvenile Chinese mitten crabs Eriocheir sinensis (1.40 ± 0.43 g) were cultured in water of 5.34 ± 0.43 (hypoxia, treatment group) and 21.02 ± 0.06 kPa (high dissolved oxygen (DO), control group) DO for 24 h, respectively. The total hemocyte counts (THC), the hyaline hemocyte counts were measured at 0 and 24 h in the treatment group, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, concentrations of lactic acid and hemocyanin (Hc) in hemolymph and the metabolism of hepatopancreas (concentrations of glucose, total cholesterol, uric acid, total protein, urea, triglyceride in hepatopancreas) were assayed at 0, 2, 8, and 24 h in both treatment and control groups. The hyaline hemocyte counts and THC decreased significantly by 66 and 49% after exposure to hypoxic water for 24 h, respectively. SOD activity, Hc and lactic acid content were significantly affected in treatment group, and there were significant differences between treatment and control groups. In the treatment group, the concentration of glucose, cholesterol and uric acid in hepatopancreas had a significant variation for 24 h. The concentration of total protein, urea and triglyceride between treatment and control groups was not significantly different after 0, 2, 8, 24 h. However, there were significant differences between treatment and control groups in terms of total protein, glucose, and uric acid concentration. Taken together, the effect of hypoxia is comprehensive in juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis.

Effects of dietary supplementation ofHaematococcus pluvialispowder on gonadal development, coloration and antioxidant capacity of adult male Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis)

“…Our results showed dietary supplementation of H. pluvialis had no significant effects on the activity of PO in the serum, which was in agreement with the findings in P. monodon (Supamattaya et al 2005). Moreover, Hc is the major protein in hemolymph of crustacean which plays an important role in oxygen transportation, immune and defence function (Zhang, Huang & Qin 2004;Pan & Jin 2008;Qiu et al 2011). In the present study, the higher contents of Hc were found on T3 and T4, which suggested that dietary H. pluvialis powder could enhance hemolymph immunocompetence of male E. sinensis.…”

“…Moreover, Hc is the major protein in hemolymph of crustacean which plays an important role in oxygen transportation, immune and defence function (Zhang, Huang & Qin ; Pan & Jin ; Qiu et al. ). In the present study, the higher contents of Hc were found on T3 and T4, which suggested that dietary H. pluvialis powder could enhance hemolymph immunocompetence of male E. sinensis .…”

“…The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), lactic acid (LD) and nitric oxide (NO) in crab samples were analysed according the methods of Qiu et al. () and Jin and Wang () respectively. The activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (γ‐GT) in serum and hepatopancreas were analysed using an automatic biochemical analyser (BS‐200, Shenzhen Mindray Bio‐Medical Electronics Co., Ltd., China) and its commercial bio‐kits were purchased from Shanghai Jinxi Biotech Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China).…”

“…The activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC), together with the contents of MDA, are commonly used for the evaluation of animal antioxidant capacity (Liu, Cao, Wu, Zhou, Lan & Xie ; Pei, Guan & Ma ), while the non‐specific immune indices generally include the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (γ‐GT), phenoloxidase (PO) as well as the contents of nitric oxide (NO) and haemocyanin (Hc) (Supamattaya et al. ; Qiu, Cheng, Huang, Wu, Yang & Tong ). However, it is largely unknown whether the dietary astaxanthin could effectively improve the antioxidant capacity and non‐specific immunity during the gonadal development of male E. sinensis .…”

“…Feeding with good diets could promote gonadal development and improve nutritional value for the E. sinensis completed puberty moult, which is considered as an important technique for pond culture of E. sinensis, particularly for the late culture period (Wu et al 2004;Zhao, Long, Wu, Liu, He & Cheng 2016). The activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), together with the contents of MDA, are commonly used for the evaluation of animal antioxidant capacity (Liu, Cao, Wu, Zhou, Lan & Xie 2007;Pei, Guan & Ma 2009), while the non-specific immune indices generally include the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), c-glutamyl transpeptidase (c-GT), phenoloxidase (PO) as well as the contents of nitric oxide (NO) and haemocyanin (Hc) (Supamattaya et al 2005;Qiu, Cheng, Huang, Wu, Yang & Tong 2011 were formulated to contain 0, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% of dry disruption powder of H. pluvialis, which contained 1.5% of astaxanthin. The dry disruption powder of H. pluvialis was donated by Yunnan Alphy Biotech Co., Ltd, China.…”