Effect of inactivated nature‐derived microbial composition on mouse immune system

González-Rodríguez, Martín Ignacio; Nurminen, Noora; Kummola, Laura; Laitinen, Olli H.; Oikarinen, Sami; Hui, Nan; Salomaa, Tanja; Mäkelä, Iida; Roslund, Marja I.; Sinkkonen, Aki; Hyöty, Heikki; Junttila, Ilkka

doi:10.1002/iid3.579

Cited by 11 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…We hypothesize that this finding is also relevant for human health. Exposure to highly diverse environmental microbiota can shape commensal microbiota and consequently promote immune modulation [8,43]. In terms of the gut microbiota, microorganisms associated with fresh produce, including fruits, constitute an important exposome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Cultivation and Origin on the Fruit Microbiome of Apples and Blueberries and Implications for the Exposome

et al. 2022

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Vegetables and fruits are a crucial part of the planetary health diet, directly affecting human health and the gut microbiome. The objective of our study was to understand the variability of the fruit (apple and blueberry) microbiome in the frame of the exposome concept. The study covered two fruit-bearing woody species, apple and blueberry, two countries of origin (Austria and Finland), and two fruit production methods (naturally grown and horticultural). Microbial abundance, diversity, and community structures were significantly different for apples and blueberries and strongly influenced by the growing system (naturally grown or horticultural) and country of origin (Austria or Finland). Our results indicated that bacterial communities are more responsive towards these factors than fungal communities. We found that fruits grown in the wild and within home gardens generally carry a higher microbial diversity, while commercial horticulture homogenized the microbiome independent of the country of origin. This can be explained by horticultural management, including pesticide use and post-harvest treatments. Specific taxonomic indicators were identified for each group, i.e., for horticultural apples: Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, and Stenotrophomonas. Interestingly, Ralstonia was also found to be enriched in horticultural blueberries in comparison to such that were home and wildly grown. Our study showed that the origin of fruits can strongly influence the diversity and composition of their microbiome, which means that we are exposed to different microorganisms by eating fruits from different origins. Thus, the fruit microbiome needs to be considered an important but relatively unexplored external exposomic factor.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Cultivation and Origin on the Fruit Microbiome of Apples and Blueberries and Implications for the Exposome

et al. 2022

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“…Importantly, we have observed in several of our studies that exposure to non-inactivated (live) BDB is safe in children and healthy adults without any reported pathogenicity [20,29]. This was observed in animal studies where exposure to inactivated or even non-inactivated BDB was well tolerated without any adverse health issues [40,59]. Moreover, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are the endotoxins that are produced by Proteobacteria are known immunomodulatory molecules [60].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Notably, bacterial endotoxins, including lipopolysaccharides (LPS), that are major antigenic determinants of gram-negative bacteria are resistant to autoclaving and heat treatments [56]. In addition, our previous study revealed that BDB autoclaved at 121°C exhibited immunoregulatory potential in C57BL/6 mice and stabilized the microbiome [40]. However, we here observed that autoclaving at 121°C does not effectively remove all murine pathogens suggesting that autoclaving at 134°C is a better way to sterilize the product.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cages were opened, and animals handled inside a laminar hood. The exposure dose was chosen based on our previous observation that this amount of BDB induced a visual exposure effect such as presence of the BDB in body parts including fur, tail, nose, mouth, and ear [40]. Male NOD mice were exposed to BDB (n=5) or mock (n=5) five times a week on weekdays for three weeks and were left unexposed for a further six weeks to monitor the (long term) effect of BDB exposure after exposure was discontinued.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Production, analysis, and safety assessment of a soil and plant-based natural material with microbiome- and immune-modulatory effects

Parajuli,

Mäkela,

Roslund

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Reduced contact with the microbiota from the natural environment has been suggested to contribute to the rising incidence of immune-mediated inflammatory disorders (IMIDs) in the western, highly urbanized societies. In line with this, we have previously shown that exposure to environmental microbiota in the form of a blend comprising of soil and plant-based material (biodiversity blend; BDB) enhances the diversity of human commensal microflora and promotes immunoregulation that may be associated with a reduced risk for IMIDs. To provide a framework for future preclinical studies and clinical trials, this study describes how the preparation of BDB was standardized, its microbial content and safety assessments. Multiple batches of BDB were manufactured and microbial composition analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We observed a consistently high alpha diversity and relative abundance of bacteria normally found in soil and vegetation. We also found that inactivation of BDB by autoclaving effectively inactivates human and murine bacteria, viruses and parasites. Finally, we demonstrate that experimental mice prone to develop IMIDs (non-obese diabetic, NOD, mouse model) can be exposed to BDB without causing adverse effects on animal health and welfare. Our study lays the foundation for a safe, sustainable, and affordable way to mimic exposure to natural microbiota that has the potential to have enormous health- and socio-economic impacts.

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“…Soil intake also affected the Treg/Th17 balance, and the expression of anti-inflammatory IL-10 relative to that of IL-5 in the lung was greater in Soil group, which positively improved asthma symptoms although the difference was not significant. González-Rodríguez et al found that exposure to dust derived from sterilized forest soil reduced the levels of IL-17F in serum and TNF-α in splenocytes(40). Similarly, in our study, significant reductions in the serum concentrations of IL-17F and TNF-α were observed after soil ingestion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil intake modifies the gut microbiota and alleviates ovalbumin-induced mice asthma inflammation

Dong

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Low cleanliness living environment (LCLE) can increase gut microbial diversity and prevent allergic diseases, whereas gut microbial dysbiosis is closely related to the pathogenesis of asthma. Our previous studies suggested that soil in the LCLE is a key factor in shaping intestinal microbiota. Objective: We aimed to explore if sterilized soil intake as prebiotics while being incubated with microbes in the air can attenuate mice asthma symptoms by modifying gut microbiota. Methods: 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the gut microbial composition, in combination with immune parameters measured in the lung and serum samples. Results: 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed significant differences in the fecal microbiota composition between the test and control mice, with a higher abundance of Allobaculum, Alistipes, and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-001, which produce short-chain fatty acids and are beneficial for health in the test mice. Soil intake downregulated the concentrations of IL-6, IL-4, IL-17F, TNF-alpha, and IL-22 in serum and increased the expression of IFN-gamma, which regulated the Th1/Th2 balance in lung by polarizing the immune system toward Th1, strongly alleviating ovalbumin-induced asthma inflammation. The effect of sensitization on gut microbiota was greater than that of air microbes and age together, but weaker than that of soil. Conclusion: Soil intake had a significant therapeutic effect on mouse asthma, possibly by promoting the growth of multiple beneficial bacteria. The results indicated that the development of soil-based prebiotic products might be used for allergic asthma management and our study provides further evidence for the hygiene hypothesis.

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Effect of inactivated nature‐derived microbial composition on mouse immune system

Cited by 11 publications

References 66 publications

Impact of Cultivation and Origin on the Fruit Microbiome of Apples and Blueberries and Implications for the Exposome

Impact of Cultivation and Origin on the Fruit Microbiome of Apples and Blueberries and Implications for the Exposome

Production, analysis, and safety assessment of a soil and plant-based natural material with microbiome- and immune-modulatory effects

Soil intake modifies the gut microbiota and alleviates ovalbumin-induced mice asthma inflammation

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