Effect of inappropriate complementary feeding practices on the nutritional status of children aged 6-24 months in urban Moshi, Northern Tanzania: Cohort study

Masuke, Rachel; Msuya, Sia E.; Mahande, Johnson M; Diarz, Ester J.; Stray‐Pedersen, Babill; Jahanpour, Ola; Mgongo, Melina

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0250562

Cited by 67 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The result of this study revealed that the proportion of children who consumed solid, semi-solid or soft foods at least the minimum number of times (minimum meal frequency) during the prior day of the survey was found to be 53.72%. This figure is lower than findings from studies conducted in Ethiopia [ 25 , 39 , 43 ], Northern Tanzania [ 41 ], and Northern Ghana [ 29 ]. However, the current study finding is higher than studies conducted in Ethiopia (33.8, 47.1%) [ 31 ], [ 20 ], Sub-Saharan Africa (29.8, 41.9%) [ 40 , 44 ] and Pakistan 38% [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

“…The proportion of minimum dietary diversity in our study was 11.74%. This result is lower than the findings from the studies done in different parts of Ethiopia [ 34 , 38 , 39 ], Sub-Saharan Africa [ 29 , 40 , 41 ] and Asia [ 23 , 42 ]. This difference could be attributed to variation in the measurement of minimum dietary diversity.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

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Complementary feeding practices and associated factors among mothers of children aged 6-23 months in Ethiopia: Secondary data analysis of Ethiopian mini demographic and health survey 2019

2021

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Background Optimal nutrition in early child’s life plays a vital role in improving mental and motor development, reduces the possibility of contracting various infectious diseases and related deaths, decreases the risk of obesity, and fosters better overall development. However, 45% of deaths in children under five years of age that occur globally is attributed to nutrition-related factors and the majority of these deaths occur in low-and middle-income countries. Therefore, this study aims to assess complementary feeding practices and associated factors among mothers of children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia. Method The study used the Ethiopian mini demographic and health survey 2019 data. A two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique was used to select 1465 mothers of children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia. Two-level multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model analysis was computed, and variables with p-value of less than 5% and an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval in the final model were reported as statistically significant factors with appropriate complementary feeding practice. Result The overall prevalence of appropriate complementary feeding practice among mothers of children aged 6–23 months was 9.76%. In our study, mothers who attended primary[AOR = 2.72; 95%CI: 1.47–5.01], secondary[AOR = 2.64; 95%CI: 1.18–5.92] and higher school[AOR = 5.39; 95%CI: 2.29–12.64], being from medium income household[AOR = 2.89; 95%CI: 1.41–5.92], attended 1–3 times ANC visits in index pregnancy[AOR = 0.41; 95%CI: 0.18–0.89], mothers who have 12–17 months[AOR = 1.96; 95%CI: 1.16–3.33] and 18–23 months old children[AOR = 2.61; 95%CI: 1.49–4.54], currently breastfeeding mothers[AOR = 3.69; 95%CI: 1.73–7.91], mothers from pastoralist contextual regions[AOR = 0.29; 95%CI: 0.09–0.91], and mothers who have resided in rural areas[AOR = 0.49; 95%CI: 0.25–0.97] were factors significantly associated with appropriate complementary feeding practice. Conclusion This study showed low prevalence of appropriate complementary feeding practice. Therefore, the concerned health authorities need to strengthen the existing approaches designed for provision of nutrition education particularly targeting mothers who are unschooled, who have 6–11 months old children, live in pastoralist regions and reside in rural parts of the country, and create strategies that improve maternal job opportunities.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Complementary feeding practices and associated factors among mothers of children aged 6-23 months in Ethiopia: Secondary data analysis of Ethiopian mini demographic and health survey 2019

2021

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“…Community health workers are deployed in communities in South Africa and are ideally placed to support breastfeeding at the household level. Similar reasons and findings have also been detected in other sub‐Saharan countries (Maonga et al, 2016 ; Masuke et al, 2021 ). Although there is strong support for breastfeeding provided during antenatal care and most mothers intended to breastfeed, most women fail to breastfeed exclusively or sustain breastfeeding (Horwood et al, 2020 ; Richard et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Infant feeding, growth monitoring and the double burden of malnutrition among children aged 6 months and their mothers in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa

Kaldenbach

Engebretsen

Haskins

et al. 2021

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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South Africa has a documented high prevalence of stunting and increasing obesity in children as well as obesity in adults. The double burden of malnutrition, which can be on an individual-, household-or population level, has implications for both health and the economic development of a community and country. This paper describes a large-scale survey (N = 774) of infant feeding, growth monitoring and anthropometry among mother and child pairs aged 6 months of age in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa, conducted between January and August 2017. Among children, a large increase in the prevalence of stunting and obesity was seen between birth and 6 months of age increasing from 9.3% to 21.7% and 4.0% to 21.0%, respectively. 32.1% of the mothers were overweight [body mass index (BMI): 25.0-29.9] and 28.4% had obesity grade 1 (BMI: 30-<40). Although most mothers (93%; 563/605) initiated breastfeeding, the introduction of other foods started early with 17.6% (56/319) of the mothers having started giving other fluids or food to their child within the first month. At 6 months 70.6% (427/605) children were still breastfed and 23.5% were exclusively breastfed. In addition, we found that length measurements were done less frequently than weight measurements between birth and 6 months, on average 2.2 (SD: 1.3) versus 5.8 (SD: 1.5) times. Moreover, there is a need for improvement of health worker training and understanding regarding anthropometric measurements when assessing malnutrition in children in the clinics. Early detection and improved infant feeding practices are key in preventing both stunting and obesity in children.

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“…A major factor for explaining this finding is that, when children have an adequate dietary diversity, it means they receive foods from a minimum of four of the seven groups of foods-namely grains, roots, and tubers; legumes and nuts; dairy products; flesh foods (meat, fish, poultry, and organ meats); eggs; vitamin-A rich fruits and vegetables; other fruits and vegetables [5,14]. Receiving foods from these groups provides children with sufficient nutrients needed to reduce the risk of stunting [47] as found in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Diversity and Undernutrition in Children Aged 6–23 Months in Sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2021

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Dietary diversity plays a major role in the health status of children. However, evidence on its crucial role on children’s health status remains inconclusive in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In this study, we examined the association between dietary diversity and undernutrition among children aged 6–23 months in SSA. We pooled data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys of 32 countries in SSA from 2010 to 2020. A sample of 48,968 mother-child pairs of children within the ages of 6–23 months and mothers aged 15–49 years were included in this study. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was carried out to examine the association between dietary diversity and stunting, wasting, and underweight. The results were presented as crude odds ratios (cOR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with their 95% confidence intervals. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The overall prevalence of minimum dietary diversity was 25.1%, with South Africa recording the highest prevalence (43.9%) and Burkina Faso recording the lowest prevalence (5.6%). The highest prevalence of stunting was recorded by Burundi (51.8%) while the lowest prevalence was found in Ghana (13.6%), with an overall regional prevalence of 28.6%. For wasting, prevalence from all countries was found to be 9.4%. South Africa recorded the lowest prevalence of wasting (2.1%) while Niger recorded the highest prevalence (27.3%). Lastly, the prevalence of underweight ranged from 5.3% in South Africa to 41.8% in Niger, with an all-country prevalence of 16.4%. Children who had adequate minimum dietary diversity had 12% less likelihood of being stunted (aOR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.83, 0.94), compared to those who had inadequate minimum dietary diversity. Having an adequate minimum dietary diversity significantly lowered the risk of underweight among children by 17% (aOR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.77, 0.91). Having an adequate minimum dietary diversity was associated with 13% reduced odds of wasting among children (aOR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.78, 0.97), compared to those who had inadequate minimum dietary diversity. This study highlights the significant association between minimum dietary diversity and stunting, wasting, and underweight among 6–23 month-old children in SSA. There is an urgent need for additional nutrition-specific interventions and strengthening of existing interventions aimed at improving infant and young child feeding practices, including complementary feeding practices among children aged 6–23 months in the 32 countries in SSA. Such interventions should focus more on countries where the prevalence of adequate minimum dietary diversity was low and undernutrition was high.

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Effect of inappropriate complementary feeding practices on the nutritional status of children aged 6-24 months in urban Moshi, Northern Tanzania: Cohort study

Cited by 67 publications

References 32 publications

Complementary feeding practices and associated factors among mothers of children aged 6-23 months in Ethiopia: Secondary data analysis of Ethiopian mini demographic and health survey 2019

Complementary feeding practices and associated factors among mothers of children aged 6-23 months in Ethiopia: Secondary data analysis of Ethiopian mini demographic and health survey 2019

Infant feeding, growth monitoring and the double burden of malnutrition among children aged 6 months and their mothers in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa

Dietary Diversity and Undernutrition in Children Aged 6–23 Months in Sub-Saharan Africa

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