Effect of Individualized Exercise Training Combined with Diet Restriction on Inflammatory Markers and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 in Obese Children

Abstract

Aims: The present study was designed to examine the possible changes in body composition, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and inflammatory markers of obese children in response to a 2-month program of exercise training combined with dietary restriction. Methods: Twenty-eight obese children (age 13.2 ± 0.7 years, body mass index 30.9 ± 1.3) were randomly assigned to a diet/training group or a control group and were tested two times: once before and once at the end of the experimental period. They performed a progressive cycle ergometer test at each visit. Substrate oxidation was evaluated by indirect calorimetry. Training was individualized at the point when fat oxidation was maximal (Lipox_max). Results: Diet/training induced a significant decrease in body weight and body fat (after vs. before, p < 0.01). Plasma concentrations of IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and inflammatory markers were significantly decreased after the completion of the program. The diet/training program resulted in an increase in VO_2maxACSM (24.6 ± 2.5 to 33.1 ± 3.1 ml/min/kg, p < 0.001) at the end of the intervention period. Conclu- sion: These data suggest that in the presence of weight loss, exercise training improves inflammatory markers and IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels in obese children.

Effectiveness of Lifestyle Interventions in Child Obesity: Systematic Review With Meta-analysis

“…Twenty-four studies did not specify the method of randomization. [22][23][24]26,28,29,31,33,36,39,42,45,46,[48][49][50][51][63][64][65][66][67][68]71 Details of allocation concealment 23,24,26,28,29,31,[33][34][35][36]41,[43][44][45][46]50,51,63,[66][67][68]71 and study blinding 24,[27][28][29][30][31]…”

“…Nearly half of the studies were conducted in the United States (n = 18), 22,24,29,33,41,[46][47][48][49]50,56,63,64,[66][67][68][69]71 5 in Australia, 25,30,[35][36][37] and the others in Israel (n = 3), 39,43,44 Germany (n = 2), 32,51 the United Kingdom (n = 2), 34,40 Belgium, 65 China, 28 Finland, 42 Iran, 45 Korea, 31 Mexico, 38 Taiwan, 26 and Tunisia. 23 Eighteen studies targeted obese children exclusively, 22,23,26,28,29,31,34,38,[40][41][42]44,46,…”

“…23 Eighteen studies targeted obese children exclusively, 22,23,26,28,29,31,34,38,[40][41][42]44,46,51,[64][65][66]71 whereas the others targeted both overweight and obese children. Most studies (n = 14) were conducted in a hospital environment, 22,25,29,32,36,38,[40][41][43][44]46,63,65,68 followed by the community (n = 6), 23,27,[33][34][35]51 school (n = 6), 26,42,[48][49][50]64 and primary care setting (n = 6). 30,37,39,47,67,…”

“…Most studies (n = 14) were conducted in a hospital environment, 22,25,29,32,36,38,[40][41][43][44]46,63,65,68 followed by the community (n = 6), 23,27,[33][34][35]51 school (n = 6), 26,42,[48][49][50]64 and primary care setting (n = 6). 30,37,39,47,67,69 Thirteen studies were conducted in children, 25,30,[33][34][35]37,[40][41][42]44,47,50,66 7 in adolescents, [22][23][24]28,29,31,…”

“…Twelve studies did not follow the participants after the intervention program ended. [22][23][24]26,28,29,31,32,36,63,64,68 For the comparison of lifestyle intervention with usual care (n = 11), the intervention lengths varied from 3 months to 1 year, and 6 studies conducted subsequent follow-up, [41][42][43]45,65,69 ranging from 2 months to 4 years from the end of the active intervention component. Among the 5 written information studies, 1 had a varied intervention length, 2 had an intervention length of 6 months, 48,49 and another 2 were 1-year 50,51 intervention programs with the outcome evaluation at the end of the intervention.…”