“…These results confirm the formation of pure, inorganic silica-b The infrared spectrum of non-aged and non-calcined samples (Figure 2, pink) shows the preponderant presence of silica-originating vibrations, such as asymmetric Si-O-Si stretching (~1060 cm −1 ), overlapped Si-O-C stretching and symmetric Si-O-Si stretching (~800 cm −1 ), Si-OH bending (~950 cm −1 ), and Si-O stretching (~440 cm −1 ) [66,67]. Besides Si-containing bonds, the intense absorbance maxima from ~1060 cm −1 may superpose the vibrations of C-C-O from the ethoxy of TEOS and ethanol (a hydrolysis product), while the subtle shoulder between 1100-1200 cm −1 may be assigned to the C-O stretching from PVA [68,69]. Additionally, the presence of carbon-containing bonds originating from PVA is noticed at ~2900 cm −1 and ~1700 cm −1 [69,70].…”