Effect of intercropping systems with three varieties of soybean (Glycine max) on growth traits and seed yield in soybean

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out in Hissar area of Kirkuk Governorate during the fall season of 2023 AD to determine effect of intercropping systems for Maize with three varieties of soybeans on growth and seed yield in soybeans. Experiment was carried out according to Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) and with three replications, as study included two factors. First was three varieties of soybeans, namely (Lee, D, and Shaima), and the second was four intercropping systems, namely (Maize alone), (soybeans alone), (Maize line + soybean line), and (two maize lines + two soybean lines). The following results are that intercropping system (1 maize: 1 soybean) was superior in plant height, reaching (106.08) cm, while soybean cultivation alone was superior in traits of leaf area, number of vegetative branches, number of pods per plant, and in single plant yield, with means reaching (205.25) cm and (8.70) shoots. Plant and (99.71) pods. Plant and (33.22) grams. As for varieties that surpass Shaima variety in plant height, leaf area, number of branches on plant and weight of 300 seeds, it reached (128.14) cm, (191.47) cm 2 and (8.45) branches. Plant and (38.66 grams, respectively, and Lee variety was superior in number of pods per plant and Single plant yield, reaching (101.38) pods. Plant and (32.70) grams. plant. As for interaction between parameters of varieties and intercropping systems, intercropping system (1 maize: 1 soybean variety, Shaima) gave highest average for two traits of plant height and weight of 300 seeds, amounting to (142.23) cm and (39.66) grams, respectively and intercropping system surpassed planting alone for Shaima variety in number of branches. Vegetative growth reached (9.60) branches of a plan and intercropping system (2 maize: 2 soybean variety Lee) was superior in number of pods per plant at a rate of (105.63) pods. A plant, while the loading system was superior to cultivation alone for Lee variety in terms of single plant yield, reaching (33.56) gm.