Effect of ionic species on the performance of apatite flotation

Santos, Mariana Alves dos; Santana, R. M.; Capponi, Fabiano Nunes; Ataíde, Carlos Henrique; Barrozo, M. A. S.

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2010.09.014

Cited by 97 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…The high recovery of dolomite was mainly attributed to the relatively high concentration of cations in the surface lattice [24], thus a low concentration of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ exhibited a negligible influence on the flotation performance of dolomite. However, in the case of high concentration, the extra divalent metal ions in the bulk would react with fatty acid soap, reducing the amount available for dolomite collection [12].…”

Section: Hydrolysis Equilibria Of Metal Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fatty acids are commonly used as anionic collectors in phosphate flotation but their use is sensitive to the metal ions [5,11]. Santos et al [12] reported that calcium and magnesium ions contributed significantly to the decline of apatite recovery and P 2 O 5 grade. They identified that the metal ions can react with fatty acid, resulting in reagent consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Metal Ions on the Flotation of Apatite, Dolomite and Quartz

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The effects of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Al 3+ , and Fe 3+ on the flotation behaviors of apatite, dolomite and quartz were investigated through a micro-flotation test, and the influence of calcium ions on the flotation of these minerals was further elucidated by solution chemistry study, zeta potential measurement, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. The results indicate that an appropriate amount of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ can improve the floatability of apatite but had a negligible effect on the flotation performance of dolomite, whereas Al 3+ , Fe 3+ , and excessive amounts of Ca 2+ decreased the recovery of apatite and dolomite. The studied metal cations can activate quartz at a particular pH. It can be inferred from solution chemistry and zeta potential measurement that the influence of metal ions on the flotation of different minerals should be attributed to the adsorption of various hydrolysis species on the mineral surfaces. XPS analyses reveal that calcium ions can enhance the adsorption of anionic collector on apatite and quartz surfaces, and there are no apparent changes to be observed on the surface of dolomite in the absence and presence of calcium ions at a concentration of 2.5 × 10 −3 M, which was in good agreement with the micro-flotation results.

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Section: Hydrolysis Equilibria Of Metal Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Metal Ions on the Flotation of Apatite, Dolomite and Quartz

et al. 2018

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“…It was also reported that NaF depresses fluorapatite (Ca 5 F(PO 4 ) 3 ), which also contains fluorine [8]. However, for collophanite (Ca 10 (PO4) 6 (OH) with no fluorine, NaF can activate its flotation since flotation since the chemisorption of fluoride at surface Ca sites can produce a fluoroapatite-type compound on its surface [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Flotation of Calcite from Fluorite: A Novel Reagent Schedule

Gao

Zhu

et al. 2016

Minerals

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Abstract:Fluorite is an important strategic mineral. In general, fluorite ores will contain a certain amount of calcite gangue mineral. Thus, they need to be separated from each other. For an economic separation, a reverse flotation process is used to float calcite gangue from fluorite. However, little information on the separation is available. In this study, a novel reagent schedule using citric acid (CA) as the depressant, sodium fluoride (NaF) as the regulator and sulfoleic acid (SOA) as the collector, was developed to separate calcite from fluorite. The results demonstrated a high selectivity for the flotation of calcite from fluorite using this new reagent schedule. The best selective separation for a single mineral and mixed binary minerals was obtained when 200 mg/L of NaF, 50 mg/L of CA, and 6 mg/L of SOA were used at pH 9. In addition, a batch flotation experiment was carried out using a run-of-mine feed material. Selective separation was achieved with 85.18% calcite removal while only 11.2% of fluorite was lost. An attempt was made to understand the effect of the new reagent schedule on the flotation of calcite. The results from both microflotation and bench scale flotation demonstrated a great potential for industrial application using this novel reagent schedule to upgrade fluorite ore.

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“…Flotation technology is also used to remove suspended impurities during the treatment of wastewater, water purification, recovery of bacteria, cereal cleaning, recovery of metal and colloidal matters and recovery of ions and surfactants from the solution [45]. Currently, more than half of the world's marketable phosphates are concentrated by the flotation process [46]. Two types of flotation machines are available [4]:…”

Section: Flotationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mining and Beneficiation of Phosphate Ore

Ptáček¹

2016

Apatites and Their Synthetic Analogues - Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Applications

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The first commercial production of phosphate rock began in England in 1847. A wide variety of techniques and equipment is used to mine and process phosphate rocks in order to beneficiate low-grade ores and remove impurities. The eighth chapter of this book deals with mining and beneficiation of phosphate ore. The principle and operating conditions of important parts of manufacturing process including separation, classification, removing of carbonates, calcination and flotation was described. The chapter ends with description of techniques used for extraction of rare earth element. phosphates are very similar. The separation by physical means becomes even impossible when the carbonate minerals are finely disseminated into the phosphate particles. KeywordsAn alternative technique for the beneficiation of these ores is the calcination. Calcination is the process of heating the ore to a high temperature ranging from 800 to 1000°C to decompose CaCO 3 and MgCO 3 to CaO, MgO and gaseous CO 2 . The CaO and MgO formed are then removed as hydroxides by quenching the calcined product in water and washing. The most common chemical reagent used to enhance the removal of calcium and magnesium hydroxides is ammonium chloride.Chemical dissolution of carbonate minerals (calcite and dolomite) from calcareous phosphate ores, without the calcination, using organic acids also proved to be capable of beneficiating the calcareous phosphate ores on the laboratory scale.4. Phosphate ores associated with organic matter (black or brown phosphates): ores of this type are generally beneficiated by heating the ore up to about 800°C. This type of calcination burns organic material and residual organic carbon without significantly affecting the superior qualities of sedimentary phosphates such as the solubility and reactivity.Furthermore, as a result of low calcination temperature, the reduction of calcium sulfate, present in ore, to corrosive calcium sulfide by the organic matter is minimized. During the burning of organic matter, the following two conditions must be kept: organic carbon must be decreased to less than 0.3% to minimize the gassing in the wet phosphoric acid processing, and apatite CO 2 must be maintained at a level close to 2% to allow good reactivity of calcined product.5. Phosphate ores containing more than one type of gangue minerals: many sedimentary phosphate deposits contain mixtures of undesired constituents. These ores require a series of beneficiating operations during their processing depending on the type of gangue minerals present in each ore. This may include, after the size reduction, the combination of attrition scrubbing, desliming, flotation, gravity separation and/or calcination. Each flow sheet is to be designed after thorough characterization and testing of a representative sample of the exploited ore.Igneous and metamorphic phosphate ores: the main gangue materials in these ores are sulfides, magnetite, carbonates (calcite, dolomite, siderite and ankerite), nepheline syenite, pyroxenite, foskorite,...

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Effect of ionic species on the performance of apatite flotation

Cited by 97 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of Metal Ions on the Flotation of Apatite, Dolomite and Quartz

Effects of Metal Ions on the Flotation of Apatite, Dolomite and Quartz

Selective Flotation of Calcite from Fluorite: A Novel Reagent Schedule

Mining and Beneficiation of Phosphate Ore

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