Effect of IR Laser on Myoblasts: Prospects of Application for Counteracting Microgravity-Induced Muscle Atrophy

Abstract

Microgravity-induced muscle atrophy is a problem of utmost importance for the impact it may have on the health and performance of astronauts. Therefore, appropriate countermeasures are needed to prevent disuse atrophy and favour muscle recovery. Muscle atrophy is characterized by loss of muscle mass and strength, and a shift in substrate utilization from fat to glucose, that leads to a reduced metabolic efficiency and enhanced fatigability. Laser therapy is already used in physical medicine and rehabilitation to accelerate muscle recovery and in sports medicine to prevent damages produced by metabolic disturbances and inflammatory reactions after heavy exercise. The aim of the research we present was to get insights on possible benefits deriving from the application of an advanced infrared laser system to counteract deficits of muscle energy metabolism and stimulate the recovery of the hypotrophic tissue. The source used was a Multiwave Locked System (MLS) laser, which combines continuous and pulsed emissions at 808 nm and 905 nm, respectively. We studied the effect of MLS treatment on morphology and energy metabolism of C2C12 cells, a widely accepted myoblast model, previously exposed to microgravity conditions modelled by a Random Positioning Machine. The MLS laser treatment was able to restore basal levels of serine/threonine protein phosphatase activity and to counteract cytoskeletal alterations and increase in glycolytic enzymes activity that occurred following the exposure to modelled microgravity. In conclusion, the results provide interesting insights for the application of infrared laser in the treatment of muscle atrophy.

How do gravity alterations affect animal and human systems at a cellular/tissue level?

“…When physical countermeasures (exercise, physical therapies) are considered, investigations on the mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects carried out in unloading conditions will be very important to elucidate any difference in comparison with their application in loading conditions 54 .…”

Efeitos da fotobiomodulação no estresse oxidativo e seu impacto sobre a atrofia muscular por desnervação

“…Os efeitos da FTBM sobre a instalação e progressão da atrofia já foram examinados em estudos prévios (NAKANO et al, 2009;LAKYOVA et al, 2010;MONICI et al, 2013;MANDELBAUM et al, 2016). Neles, a atrofia foi examinada em vários tipos de músculo e induzida por diferentes métodos como desuso, isquemia-reperfusão sanguínea e diminuição da força gravitacional, além de desnervação total (FERREIRA, 2017).…”