Effect of IrO2 loading on RuO2–IrO2–TiO2 anodes: A study of microstructure and working life for the chlorine evolution reaction

Zeng, Yi; Kang-ning, Chen; Wu, Wei; Wang, Jianrong; Lee, Soo-Wohn

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2006.03.025

Cited by 88 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…[7,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Furthermore, somei nvestigationsh ave aimed at decreasing the amounts of ruthenium and iridium noble and scarce metals used by adding am ore abundant third" diluting" elementt om inimize the cost of the anode catalystw hile maintaining the catalytic properties. [14,[17][18][19][20][21] In our previousw ork, we described an environmentally friendly synthesis approach that avoids the use of any toxic solvent, [22] so as to obtain ruthenium-iridium-oxidea node materials that show high electrocatalytic activities and improved stabilities for ruthenium compositionsh ighert han 70 mol %. [23] In the presentw ork, we report the effect of the substitution of iridiumb yc erium on the electrocatalytic properties of ruthenium-iridium nanomaterials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Adding CeO₂ to RuO₂–IrO₂ Mixed Nanocatalysts: Activity towards the Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Stability in Acidic Media

et al. 2015

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Trimetallic Ru‐, Ir‐, and Ce‐oxide materials were synthesized by using a hydrolysis method in ethanol medium and characterized to obtain information on their crystallographic structure, morphology, and chemical composition. Voltammetric measurements allowed us to evaluate the properties of these catalysts through the determination of their capacitance, active site number, and accessibility. The effect of cerium on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) was also evaluated electrochemically and the catalytic layer stability was measured by using a repetitive cyclic voltammetry procedure. The catalysts stability in an acidic medium is not significantly affected by cerium addition. Moreover, the oxygen mobility in the ceria crystallographic structure may contribute to an enhanced electrocatalytic activity per active site. Tafel slope values were determined from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy fitting parameters and indicate the same OER rate‐determining step for mono‐, bi‐, and trimetallic catalysts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Adding CeO₂ to RuO₂–IrO₂ Mixed Nanocatalysts: Activity towards the Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Stability in Acidic Media

et al. 2015

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“…When the electrode surface components were analyzed after the ALT for the electrodes, the active electrode materials Pd, Ir, and Sn components decreased by about 70%-80%. In contrast, the content of tantalum was almost the same [31,32]. In the SEM images, the surface cracks with holes were intermittently observed.…”

Section: Pd-based Electrode After the Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Accelerated Life Testing of a Palladium-Doped Tin Oxide Electrode for Zn Electrowinning

2020

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Electrowinning is a technique that can be used to obtain high-purity elements through electrolysis. The degradation of accelerated life testing for Pd-based electrodes is discussed in this study. The lifetime of the electrodes was examined by multiplying the acceleration rate with the current to measure the voltage of the electrodes. The acceleration rate was set to 10, 20, and 30 times. Four components were deposited on the TiO 2 plate. The ratio of Ir to Sn was fixed at 1:1, while Ta was deposited at 10 wt.%. Pd was deposited at 2, 4, 8 and 10 wt.% to create Pd-Ir/Sn-Ta. The initial voltage decreased as the Pd deposition amount increased irrespective of the acceleration rate. The lower the acceleration rate, the lower the voltage. An increase in the Pd content caused the initial voltage to be low. The multiple of the acceleration rate slightly increased for all cases of life testing for one year. When the test was conducted by increasing the current density by 20 times, the increase in voltage was proportional to the Pd deposition amount. However, for the 30 times acceleration rate, the lifetime of the electrodes was shortened as the Pd content increased. It can be inferred that the content of Pd and the ratio of Ir to Sn can influence the lifetime of the electrodes. According to these results, if the multiple of the acceleration rate is too extreme, the lifetime of the electrodes cannot be evaluated because they are damaged in an extreme situation.feasibility. In particular, many studies have been conducted on metal compositions; however, most of these investigations focus on simple compositions or characteristics of the electrodes [15,16].Electrowinning is typically conducted within 48 h when considering the current efficiency and zinc recovery efficiency, in which the electrodes are reused several times. These electrodes, with a high rate of reusability, are provided with a low power consumption in the electrowinning process. When a purified solution undergoes direct electrowinning, the purity of zinc ingot, which is the final product, may be reduced due to various metal substances (excluding zinc) in the purified solution. Therefore, the process of extracting zinc alone from a purified solution and then proceeding with electrowinning is gaining attention. Zinc is then dissolved in sulfuric acid. If the electrodes are exposed to highly concentrated sulfuric acid for an extended period of time, substances coated on the electrodes detach, and zinc recovery is hindered. In addition, the power consumption is increased due to the increased voltage. Thus, the lifetime of electrodes is very important in the electrowinning process [17][18][19].For electro refining, an excellent electrode must be able to work efficiently for several years. However, testing the electrode stability under normal conditions is time consuming. The lifetime of the electrode is one of the most important factors for the stability of the electrode [20]. Generally, the researcher compared the service life with different compositions of electro...

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“…In above published works, researchers found that the construction of suitable Ru 1− x Ti x O 2 solid solution with certain solubility is the determining factor to achieve the desired excellent performances. Although both of RuO 2 and TiO 2 have tetragonal rutile structure and similar lattice constants, the limited solids solubility and phase separation have been found in Ru 1− x Ti x O 2 solid solutions . To date, the researches for Ru 1− x Ti x O 2 solid solution were mainly focused on their preparation and applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable structure and electronic properties of Ru₁₋_xTi_xO₂ rutile type solid solutions from DFT calculations

Yang

Zhao

2019

J Am Ceram Soc

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To design solid solution is an effective strategy for functional materials. The complex electron correlation and non‐equilibrium atomic interaction are the primary factors to impact the macro‐/micro‐structure and application performances of solid solution. Hence, this article concentrates on the stable crystal structure and the corresponding electronic structure of Ru1−xTixO2 solid solution by using density functional theory calculations. Based on analyzing the atomic interaction between solute and solvent atoms, the most stable supercell models for the specific solid solubility were obtained. In Ru1−xTixO2 solid solution, solute (and solvent) atoms preferentially arrange along the [110] direction, and tend to occupy the nearest sites of identical atoms, to arrange the symmetric ordered substitution configurations. Using the subregular solution model, the mixing enthalpy can be represented by the following expression: ΔHf=XTiO2XRuO235.30XTiO2+23.08XRuO2. The calculated phase diagram is consistent with the experimental results. Thus, the calculated results in this article are reliable and can provide more meaningful information. In the cases of Ru‐rich solid solutions, the metastable phase exists in the range of x < 0.27; while in the cases of Ti‐rich solid solutions, the metastable phase exists in the range of x > 0.81. Interestingly, the electron density of Ru1−xTixO2 solid solutions at Fermi level has a stronger dependence on the Ru composition, which intrinsically influences its electronic structure and optical properties. According to the basic application principle, Ru1−xTixO2 solid solutions with lower (x < 0.27) and higher (x > 0.81) solid solubility could act as suitable candidate for the applications in field electrochemistry and photocatalysis.

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Effect of IrO2 loading on RuO2–IrO2–TiO2 anodes: A study of microstructure and working life for the chlorine evolution reaction

Cited by 88 publications

References 7 publications

Effect of Adding CeO₂ to RuO₂–IrO₂ Mixed Nanocatalysts: Activity towards the Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Stability in Acidic Media

Effect of Adding CeO₂ to RuO₂–IrO₂ Mixed Nanocatalysts: Activity towards the Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Stability in Acidic Media

Accelerated Life Testing of a Palladium-Doped Tin Oxide Electrode for Zn Electrowinning

Stable structure and electronic properties of Ru₁₋_xTi_xO₂ rutile type solid solutions from DFT calculations

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Effect of IrO2 loading on RuO2–IrO2–TiO2 anodes: A study of microstructure and working life for the chlorine evolution reaction

Cited by 88 publications

References 7 publications

Effect of Adding CeO2 to RuO2–IrO2 Mixed Nanocatalysts: Activity towards the Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Stability in Acidic Media

Effect of Adding CeO2 to RuO2–IrO2 Mixed Nanocatalysts: Activity towards the Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Stability in Acidic Media

Accelerated Life Testing of a Palladium-Doped Tin Oxide Electrode for Zn Electrowinning

Stable structure and electronic properties of Ru1−xTixO2 rutile type solid solutions from DFT calculations

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Effect of Adding CeO₂ to RuO₂–IrO₂ Mixed Nanocatalysts: Activity towards the Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Stability in Acidic Media

Effect of Adding CeO₂ to RuO₂–IrO₂ Mixed Nanocatalysts: Activity towards the Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Stability in Acidic Media

Stable structure and electronic properties of Ru₁₋_xTi_xO₂ rutile type solid solutions from DFT calculations