Effect of lockdown amid COVID-19 pandemic on air quality of the megacity Delhi, India

Mahato, Susanta; Pal, Swades; Ghosh, Krishna Gopal

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139086

Cited by 955 publications

(956 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Delhi. Both of Sharma et al (2020) and Mahato et al (2020) also reported the reduction of AQI by 30 and 43% on average, respectively. A similar result has been found in another continent also.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…For instance, an estimation found that the concentration of PM 2.5 , NO 2 , and CO have been reduced by 43, 18, and 10% in Delhi during the lockdown, respectively (Sharma et al 2020). Another estimation by Mahato et al (2020) found that the concentration of PM 2.5 , NO 2 , and CO has been reduced by almost 50, 53, and 30%, respectively, in…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar air pollution reduction results have also been found in the neighboring country's capital city, viz. Delhi (e.g., Mahato et al 2020;Sharma et al 2020). Moreover, Nakada and Urban (2020) found that the concentration of NO, NO 2 , CO, and O 3 has signi cantly been reduced in São Paulo, Brazil, during partial lockdown for COVID-19 pandemic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of COVID-19 pandemic induced lockdown (general holiday) on air quality of Dhaka City

Islam¹,

Chowdhury

2020

Preprint

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A worldwide pandemic of COVID-19 has forced to implement a lockdown during April-May 2020 by restricting people's movement, the shutdown of industries and motor vehicles in Dhaka, Bangladesh, to contain the virus. This type of strict measures returned an outcome of the reduction of urban air pollution around the world. The present study aims to investigate the reduction of the concentration of pollutants in the air of Dhaka City and the reduction of the Air Quality Index (AQI). Necessary time-series data of the concentration of PM2.5, NO2, SO2, and CO have been collected from the archive of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and Sentinel-5P. The time-series data have been analyzed by descriptive statistics, and AQI is calculated following an appropriate formula suggested by US EPA based on the criteria pollutants. The study found that the concentrations of PM2.5, NO2, SO2, and CO have been reduced by 23, 30, 07, and 07% during April-May 2020, respectively, compared with the preceding year's concentration. Moreover, the AQI has also been reduced by up to 35% than the previous year in April-May 2020. However, the magnitude of pollution reduction in Dhaka is lower than other cities and countries globally, including Delhi, Sao Paulo, Wuhan, Spain, Italy, USA, etc. The main reason includes the poor implementation of lockdown, especially in the first week of April and the second fortnight of May. The findings will be useful for policymakers to find a way to control the pollution sources to enhance Dhaka's air quality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of COVID-19 pandemic induced lockdown (general holiday) on air quality of Dhaka City

Islam¹,

Chowdhury

2020

Preprint

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“…The air quality index (AQI) is a measure of the cumulative effect of individual pollutants concentration on the quality of air in different places but the modi cation of the method which is termed as National Air Qulaity Index (NAQI) is based on maximum operator approach to avoid the uncertainty (CPCB 2014; Dadhich et al 2018;Joshi and Mahadev 2011;Mahato et al 2020). Central pollution control board (CPCB), India monitors the ambient air continuously and has been using the EPA-US method to calculate the Air quality indices (AQI) (Chaurasia et al, 2013;Kumar & Dash, 2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies by various scholars have shown how the lockdown has improved the ambient air quality, like in India (Gautam 2020;Mahato et al 2020;Sikarwar and Rani 2020;Srivastava et al 2020), U.S. (Berman and Ebisu 2020), Mexico (Méndez-Arriaga 2020), Kazakhstan (Kerimray et al 2020), Iran (Abdul Halim et al 2018),China (Fan et al 2020; Zambrano-monserrate et al 2020) especially in Wuhan (Cole et al 2020;Lu et al 2020;Sicard et al 2020;Song et al 2016; Q. Wang and Su 2020), Barcelona in Spain (Tobías et al 2020), Sao-Paulo in Brazil (Nakada and Urban 2020), Milan in Italy (Collivignarelli et al 2020), and Salé City in Morocco (Otmani et al 2020) In India, air pollution has become a topic of intense debate at all levels mainly because of the enhanced anthropogenic activities e.g. rapid urbanization, higher population growth, increased energy consumption, and vehicular emission and industrial emission (Dadhich et al 2018;Ghose et al 2005;Gupta et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Immediate Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on the Air Quality of Kolkata and Howrah, West Bengal, India

Sarkar

Das²,

Mukhopadhyay

2020

Preprint

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Abstract The worldwide spread of COVID-19 caused a nationwide lockdown in India from 24th March 2020 and was further extended up to 3rd May 2020 to break off the transmission of novel Coronavirus. The study is designed to assess the changes in air quality from the pre lockdown period to the during lockdown period in Kolkata and Howrah municipal corporation, West Bengal, India. GIS-based techniques include the spatial and temporal distribution of pollutants using interpolation method, on the other hand, statistical methods like Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied to determine the mean differences two phases and correlation matrix helps to understand the changing association of the pollutants in pre and during-lockdown phases. Significant correlations have been found among the pollutants, ANOVA (Two-Way) has shown the significant mean difference of NAQI between the two phases, F (1,611)=465.723, p<0.0001; pairwise comparison for Ballygunj has shown the highest mean difference 108.194 at p<0.0001 significant level between lockdown and pre lockdown phase. Significant positive correlation has been found between PM2.5, PM 10 (0.99*); PM2.5, NO2 (0.81*); PM10, NO2 (0.81*); CO, NO2 (0.77*) and some negative correlations have also been found between O3, NO (-0.15); O3 and NH3 (-0.36) in the pre lockdown phase. The reduction amount of mean concentration from the pre lockdown phase to during lockdown of the main pollutants like PM 2.5, PM10 and NO2 are ~58.71%, ~57.92% and ~55.23%. Near RBU constant emission of PM2.5, 10 and NO2 have been recorded due to the nearby Cossipore thermal power station.

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A Learning‐Based Visualization Application for Air Quality Evaluation During COVID’19 Pandemic in Open Data Centric Services

Jain

Kaur

2021

Machine Learning Algorithms and Applications

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Effect of lockdown amid COVID-19 pandemic on air quality of the megacity Delhi, India

Cited by 955 publications

References 52 publications

Effect of COVID-19 pandemic induced lockdown (general holiday) on air quality of Dhaka City

Effect of COVID-19 pandemic induced lockdown (general holiday) on air quality of Dhaka City

Assessing the Immediate Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on the Air Quality of Kolkata and Howrah, West Bengal, India

A Learning‐Based Visualization Application for Air Quality Evaluation During COVID’19 Pandemic in Open Data Centric Services

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