Effect of low density, low strength polyurethane foam on the energy absorption characteristics of circumferentially grooved thick-walled circular tubes

Axial crushing of circular structures with rectangular multi-cell insert

“…Following these results Eq. (29) can be further updated in order to account for structures with different thicknesses (outer tube and rectangular insert). It is convenient to express the thickness of the insert with respect to the thickness of the outer tube as…”

“…The mean crushing force predicted by Eq. (29) when an enhancing coefficient of 1.4 is used follows the simulation results. This show that the addition of the enhancing coefficient [20] is also related to the density of the insert.…”

“…Reported results are the instantaneous crushing force ( P x ( )) and the mean crushing force ( P m FEA , ) computed using the simulation models as well the predicted mean crushing force using Eq. (29).…”

“…(29) can be used to evaluate the structural performances of circular tubes of rectangular multi-cell insert.…”

“…Recently researchers like Li et al [25] and Zhang et al [26,27] focused on structures with variable thickness and developed parametric studies that originates from thin walled structures with constant thickness. Using fillers to improve energy absorption represents a different solution that was investigated by Ahmad et al [28], Darvizh et al [29], Gameiro and Cirne [30], Hanssen et al [31], Santosa et al [32], Yin et al [33] and Zheng et al [34]. However, multi-wall structures can be defined in order to have a similar output like the functionally graded thickness or foam-filled structures and similarities can be identified [21].…”