Effect of macroelements application on the behavior of heavy metals, growth and production of jojoba plant irrigated with industrial wastewater

Abstract

T HIS RESEARCH aims to study the growth and production of jojoba plant as abiofuel crop under fertilization with N, P and K and irrigation with industrial wastewater as a source of untraditional irrigation water. So, over two consecutive growing seasons on 6 th year fruiting Jojoba shrubs grown on sandy soil at private orchards located in El-Assiuty Valley, Assiut Governorate, Egypt, a field experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with split plot technique where the main factor was the different nitrogen sources (i.e. urea "U", ammonium sulphate "AS", ammonium nitrate "AN"and calcium nitrate "CA") at 240 kgNha -1 , while the sub main factor was allocated for five combinations of P and K fertilizer as follows [control; no application, P1; 75P 2 O 5 ha -1 , K1; 60 kgK 2 Oha -1 , P1K1; 75P 2 O 5 + 60 kgK 2 Oha -1 and P2K2; 150P 2 O 5 + 120 kgK 2 Oha -1 ]. Results indicated that using 240 kgNha -1 as ammonium sulphate with 150P 2 O 5 + 120 kgK 2 Oha -1 showed the highest significant increasing in most of the studied parameters such as nutrients availability, vegetative growth and yield of jojoba plants. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) for heavy metals in leaves and seeds of jojoba shrub showed a trend in the following order; Cu > pb > Mn > Zn > Fe. More future researches are still required to study the side effects of using artificial wastewater on oil quality of jojoba seeds.

Effect of different nitrogen forms and bio-treatments on the growth and seed yield of downy safflower (Carthamus lanatus)

“…Among the tested nitrogen forms ammo nium sulfate was superior in its effect than the other two nitrogen sources. Such results confirmed the reports of prior works (Wahba et al, 2014;Khalid and Shedeed, 2015;El Sayed, 2020;Hegab et al, 2021) who showed increase in total carbohydrates or N, P and K% in seeds as result of ammonium sulfate application.…”

“…The data in Table 4 and figure 1 also revealed that under the same rate of bio treatment (T. viride, ver micompost or Amf) treating the plants with different nitrogen forms resulted in significant increase in veg etative growth parameters compared to control and among the tested nitrogen forms, with the applica tion of ammonium sulfate leading to superior growth compared with ammonium nitrate or urea. The increases in vegetative growth parameters due to ammonium sulfate treatments are in agreement with the findings of several studies on different plants including Cynara cardunculus (Sarhan et al, 2014), Urtica pilulifera (Wahba et al, 2014), Nigella sativa (Khalid and Shedeed, 2015), Sunflower (El Mantawy, 2017;El Sayed, 2020), Thymus vulgaris (Basal et al, 2019) and Jojoba (Hegab et al, 2021).…”

“…Ammonium sulfate (AS), ammonium nitrate (AN) and urea are the main forms of inorganic N fertilizers and are extensively utilized in modern agriculture. AS application was better than AN and urea for increasing vegetative growth yield parameters, chlorophyll content, NPK % in seeds and seed oil % of sunflower and jojoba (El Mantawy, 2017;El Sayed, 2020;Hegab et al, 2021).…”

Optimizing Nitrogen Application for Jojoba under Intensive Cultivation

“…Hence, the objective of the current study was to determine the N fertilization requirements of modern intensively cultivated jojoba by evaluating the effect of N availability on vegetative and reproductive development. In contrast to previous studies, in which irrigation was via furrow and N was applied once or twice annually [23], or where N treatments were combined with differential P, B, and K levels [20,22,24,25]-making it difficult to isolate the effects of N-this study focused on applying N throughout six seasons via drip irrigation (fertigation).…”