Effect of Macronutrient Needs on Digestibility and Average Daily Gain of Sheep (Ovisaries var. Padjadjaran, Family Bovidae)

Abstract

Feeding management is a very important factor that makes sure fulfil quality and quantity for livestock nutrient sufficiency that affects the success rate in livestock farming. The excellent macro nutrient needs determination is an absolute thing to achieve the optimal growth which represented by digestibility and average daily gain. Feed formulation that considering the material selection, availability, and the price of feed materials could gave sustainable livestock feed management. The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of macronutrients needs on digestibility and average daily gain of sheep. Twenty Padjadjaran sheep (Ovisaries var. Padjadjaran, Family Bovidae), which resulted from crossbreeding between South-African Capstaad, Merino, and local, were chosen as tested animals. These white sheep were placed separately in individual metabolism cages. All animals were 8-10 months of age and their body weights ranged between 15-33 kg. The animals were divided into 5 groups and each group was treated with different dietary feeds (4 times replication) that contained dry material, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, and nitrogen-free extract (NFE). The parameters measured were dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD) and average daily gain (ADG). The treatments showed no significant effect on DMI, DMD, and OMD, whereas an increase of ADG (113.33-169.17 g/animal/day) was observed on all animals. One of R2-treated animal showed an increase of 276.67 g/day.

Enhancement of the liver status of Sentul chickens from the starter phase induced by irradiated chitosan

“…The results of previous studies were also reported that chitosan does not only acts as a stimulator of nutrient absorption but also helps to control and balance the levels of the enzymes SGOT and SGPT because it acts as an antioxidant that increases the process of protein anabolism [33][34][35]. The ability of chitosan as an antioxidant implies that it does not only prevent free radicals as a result of the aflatoxin content of the ration but also acts as an anti-inflammatory.…”

“…The provision of chitosan in the ration increases the growth of villi as well as digestibility and absorption of nutrients. Feed with the addition of chitosan stimulates immune function and improves digestion and absorption of nutrients to improve growth performance [30][31][32][33]. It is associated with the risk of reducing liver tissue damage, which is characterized by a decrease in the value of SGPT and SGOT.…”

“…Activation of cGAS-STING has also been shown to activate interferondependent type-1 protein (IIFN-defendant), then dendritic cells become active. Furthermore, it is reported that dendritic cell activation enhances the polarization response of T-helper 1 (TH1) cell protein [33][34][35][36][37]. TH1 activation increases interferon-gamma (IFM), thereby stimulating the synthesis of immunoglobulin G (IgG) to be circulated into the extracellular fluid.…”

Increasing the potential of Cajuput leaf waste as cattle feed through fermentation pretreatment

“…The digestibility of organic matter shows the number of nutrients (fats, carbohydrates, and protein) digested by livestock, while dry matter digestibility indicates levels of food digested by microbes and rumen digestive enzymes. The high percentage of dry digestibility ingredients indicates the higher quality of the feed (Suardin et al, 2014;Hidayat et al, 2019). The digestion value of organic matter (OMD), as well as dry matter digestibility (DMD), are presented in Fig.…”

Lipogenesis in Sentul chickens of starter phase inhibited by irradiated chitosan

“…The productivity is considered better than other types of local chickens in Indonesia [1]. However, livestock productivity is strongly influenced by environmental factors such as the physical environment (temperature, humidity) [2,3] and also feed factors [4][5][6]. The development and environmental maintenance should be pursued simultaneously and in synergy.…”