Effect of Major Cations and pH on the Acute Toxicity of Cadmium to the Earthworm Eisenia fetida: Implications for the Biotic Ligand Model Approach

Li, Lianzhen; Zhou, Dongmei; Luo, Xiao-San; Wang, Peng; Wang, Quanying

doi:10.1007/s00244-007-9100-7

Cited by 31 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…For Eisenia fetida, LC50 values of 0.48 mM to 1.86 mM were estimated after exposing the animals to cadmium for 48 h in solution [3], which is in the line with the value of 0.45 mM for E. fetida reported by Fourie et al [41]. The reported LC50 value of 1.86 mM [3] fell within the lowest values estimated in the present study. However, much lower EC50 values of 0.04 mM and 0.02 mM based on porewater concentrations were estimated for F. candida exposed to cadmium in LUFA 2.2 soil for 4 wk and 6 wk, respectively [42].…”

Section: Copper and Cadmium Toxicodynamics In Springtailssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The EC50 values of 0.26 mM to 2.16 mM have been reported for the effects on the bacterium Vibrio fischeri after 5-min exposure to cadmium when calcium ranged from 0.02 mM to 25 mM [40]. For Eisenia fetida, LC50 values of 0.48 mM to 1.86 mM were estimated after exposing the animals to cadmium for 48 h in solution [3], which is in the line with the value of 0.45 mM for E. fetida reported by Fourie et al [41]. The reported LC50 value of 1.86 mM [3] fell within the lowest values estimated in the present study.…”

Section: Copper and Cadmium Toxicodynamics In Springtailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For that purpose, animals were individually digested in 250-mL tubes using a 7:1 mixture of HNO 3 (HNO 3 Ultrex II, 69%; J.T. Baker) and HClO 4 (HClO 4 Ultrex II, 70%; J.T.…”

Section: Metal Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For plants, toxicity to particularly wheat (Triticum aestivum), pea (Pisum sativum), and barley (Hordeum vulgare) has been reported using different test solutions and different metal salts [4,[9][10][11]. The use of aqueous solutions has also been reported for different earthworm species [3,12,13]. Few studies have been performed on other soil organisms (M.M.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicodynamics of copper and cadmium inFolsomia candidaexposed to simulated soil solutions

Ardestani¹,

Gestel²

2013

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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To improve our understanding of metal bioavailability to soil-living invertebrates, the effect of porewater composition on the toxicodynamics of copper and cadmium in Folsomia candida (Collembola) was investigated. Assuming that porewater is the main exposure route, F. candida was exposed to simulated soil solutions of different composition. Toxicity of copper was slightly lower in a calcium-only solution than in a multication solution. With increasing copper concentrations from 0.005 mM to 1.37 mM, internal copper concentrations similarly increased in both exposure solutions, suggesting that a single cation nutrient solution is suitable for testing F. candida. In the second experiment, animals were exposed for 7 d to copper and cadmium in simplified soil solutions with different calcium (0.2 mM, 0.8 mM, 3.2 mM, 12.8 mM) and pH (5.0, 6.0, 7.0) levels. The median lethal concentration (LC50) values decreased with time in both the calcium and pH series. A hormetic-type effect was observed for copper in the second test, as well as in the calcium-only solution in the first experiment. Because of stronger hormesis, LC50s for copper were higher at lower calcium concentrations. For cadmium, LC50 values were higher at higher calcium concentrations, suggesting competition of calcium with the free cadmium ion. Toxicity of cadmium increased with decreasing pH, while copper was more toxic at intermediate pH. The results show that a toxicodynamics approach can help to improve the interpretation of metal toxicity to soil invertebrates, taking into account soil solution properties.

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Section: Copper and Cadmium Toxicodynamics In Springtailssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Copper and Cadmium Toxicodynamics In Springtailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For that purpose, animals were individually digested in 250-mL tubes using a 7:1 mixture of HNO 3 (HNO 3 Ultrex II, 69%; J.T. Baker) and HClO 4 (HClO 4 Ultrex II, 70%; J.T.…”

Section: Metal Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicodynamics of copper and cadmium inFolsomia candidaexposed to simulated soil solutions

Ardestani¹,

Gestel²

2013

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…As a non-essential element, Cd has been assumed to be taken up by transporters for essential elements as a consequence of lack of specificity of the transporters. It has been demonstrated that Cd follows Ca transport pathways, and Cd-Ca interactions have been reported previously (Rainbow 1995;Franklin et al 2005;Kiewiet and Ma 1991;Li et al 2008a). In polychaetes, there are few studies on the involvement of Ca channels in transporting metals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Uptake pathways and subcellular fractionation of Cd in the polychaete Nereis diversicolor

Liu

You

et al. 2011

Ecotoxicology

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Polychaetes have often been utilized as indicator species to investigate the impacts of pollutants, such as heavy metals. The uptake of Cd by the polychaete Nereis diversicolor was determined at varying Ca concentrations and with pre-exposure to Ca ion channel blockers and metabolic inhibitors in simulated sea water over 1 week period. The supply of Ca in simulated sea water inhibited Cd uptake and increased Ca concentration in N. diversicolor after 10 lM Cd exposure. Pre-exposure to a Ca-channel blocker (Lanthanum) significantly inhibited Cd uptake, suggesting that the uptake of Cd was exerted at a Ca channel. N-ethylmaleimide, which specifically binds to sulfhydryl groups, inhibited Cd uptake at 10 lM, implying that the transport of Cd is carrier-mediated by proteins or other SH-containing compounds. Subcellular Cd distribution analysis showed that more than 60% of the total Cd associated with the cytosolic fraction. The presence of higher concentration of Ca in simulated sea water did not impact the proportional subcellular distribution of Cd in N. diversicolor. Nevertheless, the supply of Ca could significantly lower Cd concentration in cytosol and cellular debris. The present study provides evidence that Cd transport by N. diversicolor was mediated mainly through lanthanum-sensitive Ca ion channels and accumulated by SH-containing compounds. These results help to understand the uptake mechanism and subcellular distribution of Cd in polychaetes.

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Influence of Ca and pH on the uptake and effects of Cd in Folsomia candida exposed to simplified soil solutions

Ardestani

Ortiz²,

Gestel³

2013

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The present study sought to quantify the components of a biotic ligand model (BLM) for the effects of Cd on Folsomia candida (Collembola). Assuming that soil porewater is the main route of exposure and to exclude the effects of soil particles on metal availability, animals were exposed for 7 d to different Cd concentrations between 0.1 mM and 100 mM in simplified soil solutions at different Ca concentrations (0.2 mM, 0.8 mM, 3.2 mM, and 12.8 mM) or at different pH (5.0, 6.0, and 7.0). Higher Ca concentrations decreased the toxicity of Cd (adult survival) in test solutions, whereas toxicity was slightly lower at pH 7 and 6 than at pH 5, suggesting a mitigating effect of Ca and to a lesser extent pH on Cd toxicity to F. candida. Internal Cd concentrations in the animals increased with increasing exposure level but were significantly reduced by increasing Ca concentrations and were not significantly affected by pH. By using Langmuir isotherms, binding constants for Cd, Ca, and protons and the fraction of binding sites occupied by Cd were calculated and used to predict effects of Cd on survival. Predicted toxicity showed a good agreement with measured responses when Ca and pH were used as separate factors or combined together. The present study shows indications of protective effects of Ca but less of protons on the toxicity and uptake of Cd in F. candida on exposure to simplified soil solutions, which can be described using the principles of a biotic ligand model.

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Effect of Major Cations and pH on the Acute Toxicity of Cadmium to the Earthworm Eisenia fetida: Implications for the Biotic Ligand Model Approach

Cited by 31 publications

References 37 publications

Toxicodynamics of copper and cadmium inFolsomia candidaexposed to simulated soil solutions

Toxicodynamics of copper and cadmium inFolsomia candidaexposed to simulated soil solutions

Uptake pathways and subcellular fractionation of Cd in the polychaete Nereis diversicolor

Influence of Ca and pH on the uptake and effects of Cd in Folsomia candida exposed to simplified soil solutions

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