Effect of menstrual cycle and gender on ventilatory and heart rate responses at the onset of exercise

Abstract

To clarify the luteal-follicular and male-female differences in ventilatory and heart rate responses at the onset of exercise, seven women and seven men performed voluntary exercise and passive movement for 20 s (brief voluntary exercise and brief passive movement) and voluntary exercise for 3 min (long voluntary exercise) in a sitting position. Voluntary exercise consisted of alternate flexion-extensions of both lower legs with a weight corresponding to about 2.5% of the subjects' body mass attached to each ankle, at a frequency of about 60 times min(-1). Passive movement was carried out without weights by experimenters pulling ropes attached to both of the subjects' ankles, in the same way as voluntary exercise. During these exercises and movements, minute inspiratory ventilation ( V(I)) and heart rate (HR) were continuously measured by breath-by-breath and beat-to-beat techniques. We calculated relative changes of V(I) and HR (Delta V(I) and DeltaHR). Additionally, we averaged Delta V(I) and DeltaHR obtained during the exercise and movement for each subject, and performed a correlation analysis between the averaged Delta V(I) and DeltaHR. It was clarified that: (1) Delta V(I) and DeltaHR in the follicular phase were almost equal to those in the luteal phase; (2) there were no significant male-female differences in these parameters; (3) significant positive correlations were found in both genders only during brief voluntary exercise. We conclude that ventilatory and HR responses at the onset of voluntary exercise and passive movement are not affected by the menstrual cycle or gender.

Ventilatory and circulatory responses at the onset of exercise after eccentric exercise

“…VOL and PAS were designed by referring to methods in our previous studies Sato et al 2000Sato et al , 2004Matsuo et al 2003). During VOL, subjects sat with their backs against an experimental chair with an electrogoniometer attached to the right knee joint.…”

“…To eliminate metabolic factors, many investigators focus on the initial phase within the first 20 s after the start of light exercise (Miyamura et al 1997;Ishida et al 2000;Sato et al 2000Sato et al , 2004Momen et al 2003Momen et al , 2004Matsuo et al 2003). The reason for this is due to the fact that cardiorespiratory responses at the onset of exercise are mainly controlled by central command and mechanoreflex (Mateika and Duffin 1995).…”

Ventilatory and circulatory responses at the onset of voluntary exercise and passive movement in sprinters

“…The experimental procedure was designed by referring to methods from our previous studies Sato et al 2000;Matsuo et al 2003). During the brief voluntary exercise (VOL), subjects sat with their backs against an experimental chair with an electrogoniometer attached to the right knee joint.…”

Efeito das Diferentes Fases do Ciclo Menstrual em um Teste de 10 RM

“…Enquanto o impacto das diferentes fases do ciclo menstrual sobre as respostas ventilatórias, metabólicas e cardiovasculares durante o exercício esteja sendo foco de discussão na literatura (D'EON et al, 2002;KAYGISIZ et al, 2003;MATSUO et al, 2003), os efeitos sobre a força muscular máxima parecem estar recebendo pouca atenção. Outros estudos abordam a influência do ciclo menstrual sobre a flexibilidade, com relação às alterações hormonais, mas não demonstraram haver variação da flexibilidade ao longo do ciclo (CHAVES et al, 2002;HINNERICHS et al 2004).…”