Effect of mixture formation mode on the combustion and emission characteristics in a hydrogen direct-injection engine under different load conditions

Lee, Sang-Uk; Kim, Gyeonggon; Bae, Choongsik

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118276

Cited by 46 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This lowered injection mass with high ambient pressure was reported in preliminary hydrogen LSC combustion DI engine research. 21 To match the injection mass under different injection timings (late injection case), a longer injection duration is required. However, detailed calibration may not be required when an early injection strategy is applied.…”

Section: Computational Analysis On Hydrogen Jetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher penetration was measured when the recess length was high; however, the excessive recess length resulted in decreased penetration owing to the increased shear loss in the passage. As lean stratified charged (LSC) mixtures can achieve leaner mixture conditions than homogeneous mixture operation, Lee et al 21 investigated the effect of mixture formation on hydrogen engine characteristics. Lower NO x emissions and fewer heat loss characteristics were measured in the LSC mixture than in the homogeneous mixture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding hydrogen jet dynamics for direct injection hydrogen engines

Lee

Hwang

Bae

2023

International Journal of Engine Research

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The energy paradigm is shifting toward carbon-free and low-emission alternative fuels. Among the many candidates, hydrogen is considered a promising option thanks to its favorable fuel properties, including zero carbon content, high gravimetric energy density, and fast flame speed, despite its technical fuel production and storage challenges. Direct injection technology has been identified as the best approach for applying hydrogen in combustion engines to overcome the accompanying issues, such as backfire and low energy density. However, studies have yet to be conducted on hydrogen jet behavior in direct injection systems, specifically, studies that elucidate engine design and injection parameter optimization in the combustion system. Therefore, we aimed to assess hydrogen jet behavior through experiments and computational approaches comprehensively. Hydrogen was injected at 10 MPa using the direct injection method into a constant volume chamber under a quasi-steady ambient condition. Z-type high-speed Schlieren imaging was performed using a high-speed camera to visualize the hydrogen jet structure, which depicted the hydrogen jet’s vapor intermittency and vortex structure. We also performed a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation to understand the aerodynamics of the jet. The results showed the formation of vortical flow in the inner core region, where the pressure was comparatively lower than that on the outer side of the jet. Our further investigation of the injection strategy showed that multiple injections were more beneficial in forming a favorable hydrogen-air mixture near the spark plug than a single injection case.

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Section: Computational Analysis On Hydrogen Jetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding hydrogen jet dynamics for direct injection hydrogen engines

Lee

Hwang

Bae

2023

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…When it comes to the relationship between flame propagation and pressure waves during the knocking process, Li et al [26] showed that the two reinforced each other and eventually developed into a knock phenomenon. Lee et al [27] experimentally investigated the effect of different mixture formation patterns on engine efficiency and emissions. The results showed that the lean mixture could reduce heat loss and increase indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) and NO x emission.…”

Section: Hydrogen Direct Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Combustion Performance Improvement and Nitrogen-Containing Pollutant Control in the Pure Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine

Liu

Chen²,

Zuo

et al. 2022

IJAMM

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Review Review of Combustion Performance Improvement and Nitrogen-Containing Pollutant Control in the Pure Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine Chun Lu 1, Wei Chen 1,2, Qingsong Zuo 1, Guohui Zhu 1, Yi Zhang 3, and Zhengbai Liu 4,* 1 School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China 2 Foshan Green Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute of Xiangtan University, Foshan 528311, China 3 School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China 4 School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China * Correspondence: liuzb3@sustc.edu.cn Received: 24 September 2022 Accepted: 21 November 2022 Published: 25 December 2022 Abstract: Hydrogen energy is regarded as the best form to achieve the dual-carbon strategic goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”. It is well-known that hydrogen energy has the characteristics of zero carbon, green, high energy, and renewable. Recently, the pure hydrogen internal combustion engine (PH-ICE) has become one of the essential directions of hydrogen energy application due to its outstanding advantages, such as no carbon emission, high efficiency, high reliability, and low pollution. So far, the PH-ICE has aroused great attention from both domestic and foreign auto companies and research institutions. This paper first introduces the latest development status of PH-ICE. Secondly, from the in-engine and out-engine technologies aspects of the PH-ICE, a comprehensive summary of its combustion performance improvement and nitrogen oxide control technology is given. Finally, the future challenges and development trends of the hydrogen ICE are discussed.

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“…In addition, numerous studies have been going on about utilization of H 2 and NH 3 in ICEs. Kim et al used direct injection method of H 2 with different mixture formation modes 5 . Furthermore, since NH 3 has lower flame propagation speed, a more common approach was to utilize it in marine engines with lower engine speeds 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of intake air temperature effect on co-combustion characteristics of NH3/gasoline in naturally aspirated high compression ratio engine with sub-chamber

Yilmaz

Ichiyanagi

Zheng

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Recently, ammonia (NH3), which has a higher energy density than hydrogen, has gained attention for zero-carbon emission goals in the transportation sector. However, in a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE), NH3 combustion mechanism is still under investigation. In this paper, to further expand the knowledge on the adoption of NH3 in ICEs, authors conducted NH3/gasoline co-combustion experiments in a modified, 17.7:1 compression ratio, naturally aspirated spark-assisted CI engine with sub-chamber. The sub-chamber was chosen in order to enhance the combustion speed of NH3. In addition, the sub-chamber was equipped with glow and spark plugs to overcome the high auto-ignition temperature of NH3. Engine performance and NOX emissions were studied under three different intake air temperatures. During the experiments, NH3 content was increased gradually where the engine was run under lean conditions. Although higher NH3 content was achieved compared to our previous work, increasing the intake air temperature resulted in decreased charging efficiency. In addition, corrosion was found on the piston ring after 120 h of operation, negatively affecting the engine performance. Furthermore, NH3/gasoline co-combustion duration was shortened drastically with the influence of the sub-chamber, where the longest combustion duration under the present conditions was found to be 17°CA.

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Effect of mixture formation mode on the combustion and emission characteristics in a hydrogen direct-injection engine under different load conditions

Cited by 46 publications

References 38 publications

Understanding hydrogen jet dynamics for direct injection hydrogen engines

Understanding hydrogen jet dynamics for direct injection hydrogen engines

Review of Combustion Performance Improvement and Nitrogen-Containing Pollutant Control in the Pure Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine

Investigation of intake air temperature effect on co-combustion characteristics of NH3/gasoline in naturally aspirated high compression ratio engine with sub-chamber

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