Effect of molecular solutes on the electron drift velocity in liquid Ar, Kr, and Xe

Effect of CH4 addition on excess electron mobility in liquid Kr

“…Theoretical investigations of the electronic states in such media are connected to experiment by the low field behavior of the excess electron mobility 4 . The properties of excess electrons in such media may also give useful information on the electronic states in noncrystalline solids 5,6,7 .…”

“…It has been shown 6,16,17,18,19,20 that the addition of a molecular or atomic solute in small proportion influences the dependence of the mobility on the field strength, especially at high fields. In particular, the saturation drift velocity is largely increased above the value in the pure liquid.…”

Drift Time Measurement in the ATLAS Liquid Argon Electromagnetic Calorimeter using Cosmic Muons

“…The range of variation of x (up to typically 20 %) induces a corresponding variation of the operating field of ±20 %. In this reduced range, and for a fixed value of the liquid argon temperature, 88.5 K, the variation of the drift velocity with the field is well described [9,10] by a power law (Equation 3). Fitting the data published in [11] with such law gives α 1 = 0.316 ± 0.030.…”

“…The total signal can be expressed as a sum of two triangular signals, one for each side of the gap, each described by a drift time T Di and peak current f i · I 0 (i = 1, 2). Since the drift velocity V drif t in liquid argon follows, for the range of electric fields relevant for this study, a power-law dependence on the electric field value [9,10], with an exponent denoted here by α…”

“…g f it (t; A max , t 0 , T drif t , x) = A max · g phys (t; f nom , T drif t , x, f bend , T bend ) for t > t 0 (10) Four parameters are left free in this procedure: the drift time (T drif t ), the associated shift of the electrode estimated as δ gap = x · w gap which is in fact only sensitive to the absolute value of x when the high voltage is the same on both sides of electrodes, the global normalization factor A max and the timing adjustment t 0 . The optimal set of these four parameters is estimated using the least squares method to minimize the quantity:…”