Effect of Night Temperature on Growth of the Fruit of the Sour Cherry

Tukey, L. D.

doi:10.1086/335758

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…This is perhaps surprising in the light of the responsiveness to temperature of other crops including: apples (Tukey 1956(Tukey , 1960Batjer & Martin 1965;Haun & Coston 1983); apricots (Lilleland 1935); and sour cherries (Tukey 1957). However, warming kiwifruit vines by 3-4°C in the orchard during fruit maturation using relocatable greenhouses did not significantly affect fruit size or fruit growth rates in either of two seasons (Hopkirk et al 1989).…”

Section: Controlled Environment Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…At least some of this could be driven by changes in the weather. Temperature can affect the rate of fruit growth in a number of crops including: apples (Tukey 1956(Tukey , 1960; peaches (Batjer & Martin 1965;Haun & Coston 1983); apricots (Lilleland 1935); persimmons (Sugiura et al 1991); and sour cherries (Tukey 1957). However, there is limited information on the effect of the physical environment during the period of fruit growth in kiwifruit.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Fruit Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

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Using early‐season measurements to estimate fruit volume at harvest in kiwifruit

Hall

McPherson

Crawford

et al. 1996

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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The results of controlled environment experiments and a field survey covering six major New Zealand kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) growing regions over 3 years showed, surprisingly, that the effect of temperature on the rate of fruit growth is small, at least during the second half of the fruit growth period. The considerable variation in the mean and standard deviation of fruit volume at harvest observed in the field among seasons and sites is therefore not attributable to temperature differences during the fruit-growing season. This raises the possibility that most of the factors affecting fruit growth rates may be established early in the season, so harvest fruit volumes can be predicted from early-season measurements. Mean fruit volumes observed in the field survey ranged from <85 ml (Kerikeri 1987 and Te Puke 1989) to > 130 ml (Kerikeri 1988 proportion of this should be attributed to management practices such as fruit thinning. The fruit growth curves could be described by a two-phase curve, with a reduction in slope 50-60 days after flowering. The initial phase, up to 50 days from flowering, produced growth rates of 1.55 ml/day. The second, slower phase of growth, averaged 0.42 ml/day over the period to harvest. A simple linear regression model was used to predict the mean fruit volume at harvest from measurements of fruit volume made at a given time during the period from 50 to 110 days from flowering (typically mid January and mid March, respectively). The percentage of the variation in mean fruit volume at harvest accounted for by the regression was 75% when based on measurements made 50 days from flowering and rose to nearly 98%, 110 days from flowering. A similar approach was used to predict the standard deviation of fruit volume at harvest. The observed standard deviation at harvest varied from 10 ml to just over 20 ml, which is within the range published by others. The regression of the standard deviation of the fruit volume at harvest on the standard deviation of fruit volume earlier in the season accounted for more than 80% of the observed variation from 50 days after flowering onwards.

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Section: Controlled Environment Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Factors Affecting Fruit Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Using early‐season measurements to estimate fruit volume at harvest in kiwifruit

Hall

McPherson

Crawford

et al. 1996

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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“…For example, lower light intensity reduces the percent of berries ripe at harvest date in Vaccinium angustifolium (2). Higher temperatures decrease fruit development time in sour cherry (264). External environmental conditions can directly influence fruit dehiscence, abscission, and dispersal (138,265).…”

Section: Environmental Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenological Patterns of Terrestrial Plants

Rathcke¹,

Lacey²

1985

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst.

1,308

680

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The term phenology is derived from the Greek word phaino meaning to show or to appear. Hence, phenology is defined as the study of the seasonal timing of life cycle events. For plants the seasonal timing of such events can be critical to survival and reproduction. In agriculture the most common failure of introduced crops is the inability to adjust to the seasons imposed by the new, environment (68). In the past few years, interest in the ecology and evolution of timing of life cycle events has grown. Here we review the literature on phenological patterns of germination, flowering, and fruiting (including dispersal).The phenological pattern of any life cycle event can be quantitatively defined as a statistical distribution characterized by such parameters as time of occurrence (onset, mean, mode), duration (range), synchrony (variance), and skewness. For each life cycle event we discuss each parameter for which data are available. Because parameters at one level can contribute to parameters at higher levels, parameters are sometimes related. For example, the degree of synchrony within and among individuals can determine duration at the population level. Therefore, we discuss phenological patterns at the levels of individuals, populations, species, and communities. Also, we use the word phenology in its strict sense of seasonal timing within years; and we address variation among years only when it pertains to the discussion of within-year patterns.The purpose of this review is to present hypotheses about possible evolutionary causes and consequences of different phenological patterns and to discuss the evidence for each hypothesis. We also briefly summarize information about the environmental and genetic controls of timing because these are the proximate factors that can influence the evolution of phenological patterns. We divide our review into four sections. The first three address germination, flowering, and fruiting separately. Each section covers possible selective factors, proximate environmental cues, and genetic determinants of different phenological parameters. The last section focuses on the relationships of germination, flowering, and fruiting, to the whole life cycle of the plant. Here we address possible ecological and evolutionary constraints that may direct the evolution of all life cycle events.Space prevents an exhaustive literature review, particularly of descriptive studies, so we mention representative studies and reviews that provide the reader access to additional literature. We do not address phenological patterns of leaf production (43,146) or the specific methodologies for collecting and analyzing phenological data (151, 194, 20 1). GERMINATIONThe seedling stage is the most vulnerable time in the life cycle of a plant (10 1). Mortality is often severe because small seedlings have minimal capacity for homeostatic responses or physiological retrenchment in the face of unfavorable abiotic or biotic conditions (10). Therefore, the timing of germination should be under strong selection to occu...

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“…Interactions between different parts of plants have not been noted by other authors using similar portable enclosures on apricots (Lilleland 1936), apples (Tukey 1956),pears (MellenthinetaI.1972, and cherries (Tukey 1952). It is not clear whether this difference in response is a result of plant differences, or differences in experimental techniques, since sometimes only a small part of the whole plant was treated.…”

Section: Temperature Response Of Kiwifruitmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…However, these systems have only been used on annual crops, which are more easily managed in a glasshouse, or on small trees, which can be moved into the glasshouse for a short-term experiment. A further step towards true field studies is the use of portable enclosures which can be taken into standard orchards and fitted to mature trees (Lilleland 1936;Tukey 1952;Tukey 1958). For practical reasons, most of the earlier units were limited to covering only a small part of a tree, and often onl y night temperatures could be modified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature studies on kiwifruit vines using relocatable greenhouses

Snelgar¹,

Bayley²,

Manson³

1988

New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture

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A set of eight relocatable greenhouses has been built for studies of temperature effects on mature kiwifruit vines (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang et A. R. Ferguson) growing in a typical orchard. Each greenhouse covers one half of a vine planted at 6 m within-row spacing on aT-bar trellis. Temperatures within the greenhouses are maintained at a constant differential above ambient air temperature. Details of the construction, operation, and performance of the greenhouses are provided. In an initial experiment carried out in spring 1985, the mean air temperature was increased by 0.7°C or 4.9°C for 41 days. At the higher temperature, bud burst was advanced by 7 days and full bloom by 14 days. In the warmer greenhouses, growth of the apical shoot was increased and the percentage of shoots which produced flowers was reduced. An interaction between the warmed and untreated halves of the vines was observed.

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Effect of Night Temperature on Growth of the Fruit of the Sour Cherry

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Using early‐season measurements to estimate fruit volume at harvest in kiwifruit

Using early‐season measurements to estimate fruit volume at harvest in kiwifruit

Phenological Patterns of Terrestrial Plants

Temperature studies on kiwifruit vines using relocatable greenhouses

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