Effect of Nitrogen-Functional Groups on the ORR Activity of Activated Carbon Fiber-Polypyrrole-Based Electrodes

Ramírez-Pérez, Ana Cristina; Quílez‐Bermejo, Javier; Sieben, Juan Manuel; Morallón, Emilia; Cazorla‐Amorós, Diego

doi:10.1007/s12678-018-0478-y

Cited by 32 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The XPS results indicated the fabrication PPy/SBA‐15 was dominated by pyrrole‐N (89.62%) with total nitrogen of 11.43 at%. Ana [ 52 ] soaked activated carbon fibers (ACF) in pyrrole for 24 h, and then exposed the mixture to ammonium persulfate at 0 °C for 1 h. The obtained N‐ACF contains up to 92.7% pyrrole‐N (7.6 at%), with the selectivity of H 2 O 2 up to 86%. Wu [ 39 ] chose to utilize 150 W microwave to keep the mixture at 150 °C for 16 min to obtain N‐rGO dominated by 74.3% pyrrole‐N (5.14 at%) and 12.1% graphite‐N with the minimum electron transfer number of 2.34.…”

Section: Nitrogen‐doping Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

H₂O₂ Electrogeneration from O₂ Electroreduction by N‐Doped Carbon Materials: A Mini‐Review on Preparation Methods, Selectivity of N Sites, and Prospects

Ding

Zhou

Gao

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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promising and environmentally friendly oxidant in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Besides, hydrogen peroxide received great attention in fuel cell as well, in which hydrogen still plays an important role. But the low volumetric energy density makes the storage of hydrogen a difficult issue. H 2 O 2 possesses a high energy density and oxidation potential [13] in full pH range (E 0 = 1.763 V at pH = 0, E 0 = 0.878 V at pH 14), [1] which enables it an ideal energy carrier alternative. [11] With a compounded increase of 6%, [14] the annual production of H 2 O 2 had reached 5.5 million tons in 2015. [1] At present, three main categories were conducted to produce H 2 O 2 : direct H 2 O 2 synthesis from H 2 and O 2 , [15] anthraquinone oxidation process (AO-process), [12] and oxygen electroreduction. [16][17] More than 95% of H 2 O 2 were synthesized by AO-process, involving hydrogenation and oxidation of the anthraquinone molecule over Ni or Pd catalysts in organic solvents. [14] However, AO-process is facing some challenges: 1) Low sustainability. The combustible and explosive substances used in AO-process, such as heavy aromatics, trioctyl phosphate, are not environmentally friendly, which brings a negative influence on the sustainability of the AO-process; 2) Transportation insecurity. The high concentration of H 2 O 2 has the potential to explode when flammable materials exist, which brings safety problems to transportation; 3) Exorbitant additional cost. Ahead of being transported, H 2 O 2 has to be concentrated up to 70 wt% with impurity separation [18] and requires acid promoter stabilizer, [14] causing the increase of extra cost. All these make AO-process not the best choice for low cost and distributed H 2 O 2 production.Comparatively, two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) provides an economic, efficient, and nonhazardous alternative process, achieving the in situ H 2 O 2 production under mild conditions. [1] Furthermore, ORR process could be coupled with renewable energy sources [18] and fuel cell, [19] recovering the energy released ( f 0 ∆G , 120 KJ mol −1 ). [20,21] For instance, solar energy can be directly used as an energy source to produce H 2 O 2 through photoelectric catalysis. [22] In brief, H 2 O 2 production via two-electron oxygen electro-reduction has emerged as a promising candidate to address the demand for distributed energy.Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is one of the 100 most paramount chemicals in the world, which has been widely used in industrial synthesis, pulp and bleaching, semiconductor cleaning, medical sterilizing, environmental treatments, and energy storage. Among various H 2 O 2 production methods, anthraquinone process has intrinsic drawbacks such as energy-intensive and environmental pollution while 2-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) provides an economic, efficient, and nonhazardous alternative process to realize the in situ production of H 2 O 2 instead. Recently, heteroatom-doped carbon electrocatalysts, especially the nitrogen-doped ones, receive special a...

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Section: Nitrogen‐doping Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

H₂O₂ Electrogeneration from O₂ Electroreduction by N‐Doped Carbon Materials: A Mini‐Review on Preparation Methods, Selectivity of N Sites, and Prospects

Ding

Zhou

Gao

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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“…As the reduction step of H 2 O 2 to H 2 O depends strongly on the existing overall H 2 O 2 concentration, this may be origin of these controversial reports. Ramiréz-Pérez et al chemically synthesized and pyrolyzed carbon fiber/PPy composites for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) . Many recent studies − explore the electrocatalytic effect of pyrolyzed compounds also derived from conducting polymers, but direct comparison to the unmodified polymers is difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Polyaniline and Polypyrrole Electrocatalysts for Oxygen (O₂) Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O₂)?

Rabl

Wielend

Tekoglu

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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In this report, we present results on the electrocatalytic activity of conducting polymers [polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPy)] toward the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). The electropolymerization of the polymers and electrolysis conditions were optimized for H 2 O 2 production. On flat glassy carbon (GC) electrodes, the faradaic efficiency (FE) for H 2 O 2 production was significantly improved by the polymers. Rotating disc electrode (RDE) studies revealed that this is mainly a result of blocking further H 2 O 2 to the water reduction pathway by the polymers. PPy on carbon paper (CP) significantly increased the molar production of H 2 O 2 by over 250% at an average FE of above 95% compared to bare CP with a FE of 25%. Thus, the polymers are acting as catalysts on the electrode for the ORR, although their catalytic mechanisms differ from other electrocatalysts.

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“…8a), yet the resulting 3 nm-Pt-600 catalyst showed a similarly poor ORR activity as its 5-nm counterpart (Supplementary Fig. 8b), presumably because of the dense nature of the carbon shells resulting from thermal annealing at 600 C. Thus, we introduced N atoms during thermal annealing to afford N-doped carbon shells, as N doping has been demonstrated to be capable of enhancing the ORR activity of carbon-coated Pt NPs 59,60 . N doping was realized by conducting thermal annealing at 600 o C in the presence of urea, yielding 3 nm-Pt-600N catalysts with an N content of ~3.7 at.%.…”

Section: Generality Of the Ligand Carbonization Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Native ligand carbonization renders common platinum nanoparticles highly durable for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction: annealing temperature matters

Zou

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Monodisperse nanoparticles have attracted great attention in fundamental and applied research. Current protocols for the synthesis of monodisperse nanoparticles typically involve hydrocarbon molecules as surface-capping ligands. Utilizing platinum (Pt)-based nanoparticles for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), however, hydrocarbon ligands must be removed in order to expose the surface sites. Here, highly active and durable Pt catalysts are realized without removing the ligands; instead, the native surface ligands are directly converted into uniform, bilayered graphitic shells conformally coated on individual Pt nanoparticles by simple thermal annealing. Strikingly, the annealing temperature is found to be a critical factor dictating the ORR performance of Pt catalysts. Pt nanoparticles thermally treated at 500 oC show a very poor ORR activity, whereas those annealed at 700 oC become highly active along with exceptional stability. In-depth characterization reveals that thermal treatment from 500 to 700 oC triggers the subtle structural reconstruction of carbon shells through graphitization, gradually opening up the porosity without affecting the carbon shell thickness. Additionally, the ligand-derived graphitic shells can effectively prevent Pt nanoparticles from detachment, agglomeration, and dissolution while largely maintaining the accessibility of surface sites. As a result, such graphitic-shell-coated Pt catalysts can exhibit superior long-term stability, largely retaining the activity after 20,000 accelerated durability test cycles in a membrane electrode assembly. Moreover, this ligand carbonization strategy is amenable to Pt-based alloy nanoparticles and can further be extended to modify commercial Pt/C catalysts with substantially enhanced durability. Our work shows that boosting the ORR performance of common Pt nanoparticles is certainly possible by harnessing the native surface ligands, thus offering a robust approach of designing highly durable catalysts for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells.

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Effect of Nitrogen-Functional Groups on the ORR Activity of Activated Carbon Fiber-Polypyrrole-Based Electrodes

Cited by 32 publications

References 57 publications

H₂O₂ Electrogeneration from O₂ Electroreduction by N‐Doped Carbon Materials: A Mini‐Review on Preparation Methods, Selectivity of N Sites, and Prospects

H₂O₂ Electrogeneration from O₂ Electroreduction by N‐Doped Carbon Materials: A Mini‐Review on Preparation Methods, Selectivity of N Sites, and Prospects

Are Polyaniline and Polypyrrole Electrocatalysts for Oxygen (O₂) Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O₂)?

Native ligand carbonization renders common platinum nanoparticles highly durable for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction: annealing temperature matters

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Effect of Nitrogen-Functional Groups on the ORR Activity of Activated Carbon Fiber-Polypyrrole-Based Electrodes

Cited by 32 publications

References 57 publications

H2O2 Electrogeneration from O2 Electroreduction by N‐Doped Carbon Materials: A Mini‐Review on Preparation Methods, Selectivity of N Sites, and Prospects

H2O2 Electrogeneration from O2 Electroreduction by N‐Doped Carbon Materials: A Mini‐Review on Preparation Methods, Selectivity of N Sites, and Prospects

Are Polyaniline and Polypyrrole Electrocatalysts for Oxygen (O2) Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)?

Native ligand carbonization renders common platinum nanoparticles highly durable for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction: annealing temperature matters

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

H₂O₂ Electrogeneration from O₂ Electroreduction by N‐Doped Carbon Materials: A Mini‐Review on Preparation Methods, Selectivity of N Sites, and Prospects

H₂O₂ Electrogeneration from O₂ Electroreduction by N‐Doped Carbon Materials: A Mini‐Review on Preparation Methods, Selectivity of N Sites, and Prospects

Are Polyaniline and Polypyrrole Electrocatalysts for Oxygen (O₂) Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O₂)?