Effect of nitrogen source on the growth, lipid, and valuable carotenoid production in the green microalga Chromochloris zofingiensis

Minyuk, G. S.; Sidorov, Roman A.; Solovchenko, Alexei

doi:10.1007/s10811-020-02060-0

Cited by 53 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…It can be argued that under this experimental setup there is no abiotic growth limitation. Indeed, the µ, which was calculated from the increase in cell number during the 24 h L/D cycle ( Figure 4 c), of 0.04 h −1 , is the highest µ ever reported for the photoheterotrophic cultivation of C. zofingiensis [ 14 , 30 ]. Under this setup C. zofingiensis cells spontaneously synchronized their growth with the light period and cell divisions with the dark period, as depicted in our schematic model ( Figure 6 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Chromochloris zofingiensis (Chlorophyceae) Divides by Consecutive Multiple Fission Cell-Cycle under Batch and Continuous Cultivation

Koren

Boussiba

Khozin‐Goldberg

et al. 2021

Biology

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Several green algae can divide by multiple fission and spontaneously synchronize their cell cycle with the available light regime. The yields that can be obtained from a microalgal culture are directly affected by cell cycle events. Chromochloris zofingiensis is considered as one of the most promising microalgae for biotechnological applications due to its fast growth and the flexible trophic capabilities. It is intensively investigated in the context of bio-commodities production (carotenoids, storage lipids); however, the pattern of cell-cycle events under common cultivation strategies was not yet characterized for C. zofingiensis. In this study, we have employed fluorescence microscopy to characterize the basic cell-cycle dynamics under batch and continuous modes of phototrophic C. zofingiensis cultivation. Staining with SYBR green—applied in DMSO solution—enabled, for the first time, the clear and simple visualization of polynuclear stages in this microalga. Accordingly, we concluded that C. zofingiensis divides by a consecutive pattern of multiple fission, whereby it spontaneously synchronizes growth and cell division according to the available illumination regime. In high-light continuous culture or low-light batch culture, C. zofingiensis cell-cycle was completed within several light-dark (L/D) cycles (14 h/10 h); however, cell divisions were synchronized with the dark periods only in the high-light continuous culture. In both modes of cultivation, daughter cell release was mainly facilitated by division of 8 and 16-polynuclear cells. The results of this study are of both fundamental and applied science significance and are also important for the development of an efficient nuclear transformation system for C. zofingiensis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Chromochloris zofingiensis (Chlorophyceae) Divides by Consecutive Multiple Fission Cell-Cycle under Batch and Continuous Cultivation

Koren

Boussiba

Khozin‐Goldberg

et al. 2021

Biology

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“…Nitrate, urea and ammonia represent the most commonly used nitrogen sources. C. zofingiensis can utilize both nitrate and urea well for growth, but grows poorly with ammonia [ 61 , 62 ]. The poor growth is probably due to the acidification of the culture medium resulting from the consumption of ammonia, which has been reported for other algae [ 28 , 63 – 65 ].…”

Section: Zofingiensis As a Promising Producer Of Lipids And Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ultrahigh fermented C. zofingiensis , with or without dilution, can be used as seed cultures for photoautotrophic growth and carotenogenesis [ 27 , 68 ]. Furthermore, C. zofingiensis grows well under mixotrophic conditions in the presence of light illumination, where both organic (glucose or acetate) and inorganic carbon sources are provided [ 21 , 24 , 29 , 62 , 69 , 70 ]. It has been proposed that the mixotrophic cultivation has synergistic effect on growth and biomass production of C. zofingiensis [ 69 ].…”

Section: Zofingiensis As a Promising Producer Of Lipids And Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of C. zofingiensis for lipid production has been widely assessed in the past decade [ 13 , 17 – 20 , 28 , 30 , 31 , 35 , 60 , 62 , 70 , 79 – 82 ]. Although lipid accumulation in C. zofingiensis has long been observed via transmission electron microscopy [ 55 ], lipid quantification of this alga was not performed until 2010 by Liu and his co-workers [ 30 ].…”

Section: Zofingiensis As a Promising Producer Of Lipids And Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The oleaginous astaxanthin-producing alga Chromochloris zofingiensis: potential from production to an emerging model for studying lipid metabolism and carotenogenesis

Bai

Liu

2021

Biotechnol Biofuels

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The algal lipids-based biodiesel, albeit having advantages over plant oils, still remains high in the production cost. Co-production of value-added products with lipids has the potential to add benefits and is thus believed to be a promising strategy to improve the production economics of algal biodiesel. Chromochloris zofingiensis, a unicellular green alga, has been considered as a promising feedstock for biodiesel production because of its robust growth and ability of accumulating high levels of triacylglycerol under multiple trophic conditions. This alga is also able to synthesize high-value keto-carotenoids and has been cited as a candidate producer of astaxanthin, the strongest antioxidant found in nature. The concurrent accumulation of triacylglycerol and astaxanthin enables C. zofingiensis an ideal cell factory for integrated production of the two compounds and has potential to improve algae-based production economics. Furthermore, with the advent of chromosome-level whole genome sequence and genetic tools, C. zofingiensis becomes an emerging model for studying lipid metabolism and carotenogenesis. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the production of triacylglycerol and astaxanthin by C. zofingiensis. We also update our understanding in the distinctive molecular mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism and carotenogenesis, with an emphasis on triacylglycerol and astaxanthin biosynthesis and crosstalk between the two pathways. Furthermore, strategies for trait improvements are discussed regarding triacylglycerol and astaxanthin synthesis in C. zofingiensis.

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“…Microalgae is well known for its uptake of nitrate, ammonia, and urea as nitrogen sources [ 9 ]. The elemental composition of urea comprises approximately 46% nitrogen and complements by 20% carbon [ 28 ]. Thus, the combined availability of nitrogen and carbon favorably contributes to the increment of microalgae cells [ 29 ].…”

Section: Current Production Strategy To Induce Biomass At the Greementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Haematococcus pluvialis Bioprocess Optimization of Green and Red Stage Culture Conditions for the Production of Natural Astaxanthin

et al. 2021

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As the most recognizable natural secondary carotenoid astaxanthin producer, the green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis cultivation is performed via a two-stage process. The first is dedicated to biomass accumulation under growth-favoring conditions (green stage), and the second stage is for astaxanthin evolution under various stress conditions (red stage). This mini-review discusses the further improvement made on astaxanthin production by providing an overview of recent works on H. pluvialis, including the valuable ideas for bioprocess optimization on cell growth, and the current stress-exerting strategies for astaxanthin pigment production. The effects of nutrient constituents, especially nitrogen and carbon sources, and illumination intensity are emphasized during the green stage. On the other hand, the significance of the nitrogen depletion strategy and other exogenous factors comprising salinity, illumination, and temperature are considered for the astaxanthin inducement during the red stage. In short, any factor that interferes with the cellular processes that limit the growth or photosynthesis in the green stage could trigger the encystment process and astaxanthin formation during the red stage. This review provides an insight regarding the parameters involved in bioprocess optimization for high-value astaxanthin biosynthesis from H. pluvialis.

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Effect of nitrogen source on the growth, lipid, and valuable carotenoid production in the green microalga Chromochloris zofingiensis

Cited by 53 publications

References 47 publications

Chromochloris zofingiensis (Chlorophyceae) Divides by Consecutive Multiple Fission Cell-Cycle under Batch and Continuous Cultivation

Chromochloris zofingiensis (Chlorophyceae) Divides by Consecutive Multiple Fission Cell-Cycle under Batch and Continuous Cultivation

The oleaginous astaxanthin-producing alga Chromochloris zofingiensis: potential from production to an emerging model for studying lipid metabolism and carotenogenesis

A Review on Haematococcus pluvialis Bioprocess Optimization of Green and Red Stage Culture Conditions for the Production of Natural Astaxanthin

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