Effect of one year krill oil supplementation on depressive symptoms and self-esteem of Dutch adolescents: A randomized controlled trial

Wurff, I.S.M. van der; Schacky, Clemens von; Bergeland, Trygve; Leontjevas, Ruslan; Zeegers, Maurice P.; Kirschner, Paul A.; Groot, Renate H. M. de

doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102208

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…A similar, more recent study in adolescents found no association of red blood cell DHA levels with depression severity or verbal memory performance, but with red blood cell EPA [ 86 ]. An intervention trial in largely non-depressed adolescents with krill oil saw no improvement in depressive symptoms in adolescents, due to issues in compliance: an increase of the Omega-3 Index was seen only in few participants [ 87 ]. Another intervention trial in 60 depressed adolescents saw significant improvement, however [ 88 ].…”

Section: Children and Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the probability of suicide depended on the concentration of DHA in erythrocytes [ 148 ]. Improvements in major depression have largely been associated with increases in the Omega-3 Index [ 87 , 149 , 150 , 151 ]. Meta-analyses of intervention trials generally found positive effects [ 152 , 153 ], with the exception of a Cochrane meta-analysis [ 154 ].…”

Section: Psychopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Importance of EPA and DHA Blood Levels in Brain Structure and Function

Schacky¹

2021

Nutrients

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Brain structure and function depend on a constant and sufficient supply with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by blood. Blood levels of EPA and DHA reflect dietary intake and other variables and are preferably assessed as percentage in erythrocytes with a well-documented and standardized analytical method (HS-Omega-3 Index®). Every human being has an Omega-3 Index between 2 and 20%, with an optimum of 8–11%. Compared to an optimal Omega-3 Index, a lower Omega-3 Index was associated with increased risk for total mortality and ischemic stroke, reduced brain volume, impaired cognition, accelerated progression to dementia, psychiatric diseases, compromises of complex brain functions, and other brain issues in epidemiologic studies. Most intervention trials, and their meta-analyses considered EPA and DHA as drugs with good bioavailability, a design tending to produce meaningful results in populations characterized by low baseline blood levels (e.g., in major depression), but otherwise responsible for many neutral results and substantial confusion. When trial results were evaluated using blood levels of EPA and DHA measured, effects were larger than comparing EPA and DHA to placebo groups, and paralleled epidemiologic findings. This indicates future trial design, and suggests a targeted use EPA and DHA, based on the Omega-3 Index.

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Section: Children and Adolescentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Psychopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of EPA and DHA Blood Levels in Brain Structure and Function

Schacky¹

2021

Nutrients

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“…Other outcomes assessed included psychosis-related symptoms (38, 39, 44, 47), general psychological distress (37), global functioning (39, 44), self-esteem (46), and neural activity (45). These secondary outcomes are reported in Table 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 supplements in the prevention and treatment of youth depression and anxiety: A scoping review

Reily

Tang

Negrone

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Introduction: Emerging evidence suggests that omega-3 supplements may be efficacious in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults, particularly as an adjunct to antidepressant medication. However, research on its efficacy in young people is limited. Thus, this scoping review aimed to summarise existing evidence on the efficacy of omega-3 supplementation in treating depression and anxiety in young people aged 14-24. Method: Four databases (Cochrane CENTRAL, EmBASE, PsycINFO and PubMed) were searched from inception to 4th August 2021. Eligible peer-reviewed studies were empirical studies which examined the efficacy of omega-3 supplements in preventing/treating anxiety and/or depression in young people aged 14-24. Risk of bias was assessed for randomised studies using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Selected grey literature databases were also searched, with eligible sources assessed for quality. A group of stakeholders consisting of young people with lived experience of anxiety/depression, parents/carers and mental health professionals informed the research questions and data interpretation. Findings were summarised using narrative synthesis. Results: 17 empirical studies (N = 1240 participants) meeting inclusion criteria were identified. Studies varied in treatment and participant characteristics. In general, the data did not support the view that omega-3 supplements were efficacious in improving symptoms of anxiety or depression. In contrast, most grey literature sources recommended the use of omega-3 supplements despite the lack of supporting evidence. Discussion: Evidence for efficacy of omega-3 supplementation in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety was inconclusive. More research is needed to identify potential mechanisms and moderators of the effect of omega-3 supplements on depression and anxiety symptoms in young people.

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“…The authors concluded that there was no evidence of an effect of krill oil in reducing depressive feelings or in inducing higher self-esteem. However, the authors reported that the results were affected by low adherence and drop-out, and for these reasons they suggest caution when interpreting the data [149,150].…”

Section: Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Technologies for Highly Active Omega-3 Fatty Acids from Krill Oil: Clinical Applications

et al. 2021

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Euphausia superba, commonly known as krill, is a small marine crustacean from the Antarctic Ocean that plays an important role in the marine ecosystem, serving as feed for most fish. It is a known source of highly bioavailable omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid). In preclinical studies, krill oil showed metabolic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and chemo preventive effects, while in clinical trials it showed significant metabolic, vascular and ergogenic actions. Solvent extraction is the most conventional method to obtain krill oil. However, different solvents must be used to extract all lipids from krill because of the diversity of the polarities of the lipid compounds in the biomass. This review aims to provide an overview of the chemical composition, bioavailability and bioaccessibility of krill oil, as well as the mechanisms of action, classic and non-conventional extraction techniques, health benefits and current applications of this marine crustacean.

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Effect of one year krill oil supplementation on depressive symptoms and self-esteem of Dutch adolescents: A randomized controlled trial

Cited by 13 publications

References 70 publications

Importance of EPA and DHA Blood Levels in Brain Structure and Function

Importance of EPA and DHA Blood Levels in Brain Structure and Function

Omega-3 supplements in the prevention and treatment of youth depression and anxiety: A scoping review

Advances in Technologies for Highly Active Omega-3 Fatty Acids from Krill Oil: Clinical Applications

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