Effect of operating conditions and feedstock composition on the properties of manganese oxide or quartz charcoal pellets for the use in ferroalloy industries

Surup, Gerrit Ralf; Nielsen, Henrik Kofoed; Großarth, Marius; Deike, Rüdiger; Bulcke, Jan Van den; Kibleur, Pierre; Müller, Michael; Ziegner, Mirko; Yazhenskikh, Elena; Beloshapkin, Sergey; Leahy, James J.; Trubetskaya, Anna

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.116736

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…One of the challenges in using renewable reductants in metallurgical processes is related to its fragility with the generation of large amounts of fine particles during transportation and storage [141]. The mechanical strength of biomass pellets can be improved through pelletization or briquetting and is slightly larger than that of charcoal pellets [142]. However, recent studies have shown that pelletizing charcoal fines increase the usable carbon yield in ferroalloy production [143].…”

Section: Pelletizing and Briquettingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pellets started to shrink after the primary heat treatment temperature was surpassed [142]. This additional size reduction must be considered if the particle size of charcoal pellets is close to the minimum particle size requirements.…”

Section: Charcoal Compactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If lignin is selected as binder, a secondary heat treatment temperature above 450 • C should be chosen to form polyaromatic structures between the particles [277]. The additional heat treatment at elevated temperature also reduces the risk of self-heating under transport and storage [274] and decreases CO 2 reactivity [142]. In summary, the quality of pellets and briquettes is highly improved by the second heat treatment.…”

Section: Charcoal Compactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Charcoal as an Alternative Reductant in Ferroalloy Production: A Review

2020

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This paper provides a fundamental and critical review of biomass application as renewable reductant in integrated ferroalloy reduction process. The basis for the review is based on the current process and product quality requirement that bio-based reductants must fulfill. The characteristics of different feedstocks and suitable pre-treatment and post-treatment technologies for their upgrading are evaluated. The existing literature concerning biomass application in ferroalloy industries is reviewed to fill out the research gaps related to charcoal properties provided by current production technologies and the integration of renewable reductants in the existing industrial infrastructure. This review also provides insights and recommendations to the unresolved challenges related to the charcoal process economics. Several possibilities to integrate the production of bio-based reductants with bio-refineries to lower the cost and increase the total efficiency are given. A comparison of challenges related to energy efficient charcoal production and formation of emissions in classical kiln technologies are discussed to underline the potential of bio-based reductant usage in ferroalloy reduction process.

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Section: Pelletizing and Briquettingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Charcoal Compactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Charcoal Compactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Charcoal as an Alternative Reductant in Ferroalloy Production: A Review

2020

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“…Biomass and its derivatives (e.g., charcoal) are considered as a possible feedstock to reduce anthropogenic CO 2 emissions produced in industry. Besides its common usage as an energy carrier in power production, charcoal can be used as base material in fuel cells [1], batteries [2], soil amendment [3,4], and as a carbon source in metallurgical industry [5][6][7][8][9][10]. In the latter, fossil fuels such as anthracite, coal, coal char, semi-coke, petroleum coke, and metallurgical coke are the main reducing agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Resistivity of Carbonaceous Bed Material at High Temperature

et al. 2020

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This study reports the effect of high-temperature treatment on the electrical properties of charcoal, coal, and coke. The electrical resistivity of industrial charcoal samples used as a reducing agent in electric arc furnaces was investigated as a renewable carbon source. A set-up to measure the electrical resistivity of bulk material at heat treatment temperatures up to 1700 ∘C was developed. Results were also evaluated at room temperature by a four-point probe set-up with adjustable load. It is shown that the electrical resistivity of charcoal decreases with increasing heat treatment temperature and approaches the resistivity of fossil carbon materials at temperatures greater than 1400 ∘C. The heat treatment temperature of carbon material is the main influencing parameter, whereas the measurement temperature and residence time showed only a minor effect on electrical resistivity. Bulk density of the carbon material and load on the burden have a large impact on the electrical resistivity of each material, while the effect of particle size can be neglected at high heat treatment temperature or compacting pressure. The mechanical durability of charcoal slightly increased after heat treatment and decreased for coal and semi-coke samples. The results indicate that charcoal can be used as an efficient carbon source for electric arc furnaces.

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“…However, classical charcoal and sustainably produced charcoal are considered as possible reductants for ferromanganese production, in which post-treatment processes, such as acid leaching or a secondary heat treatment, can close the gap between renewable to fossil fuel-based reductants [30,31]. In addition, renewable reductants can improve metal quality and productivity by their low ash content and ash composition [32,33].…”

Section: Ferromanganese Alloy Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment of Renewable Reductants in the Ferromanganese Alloy Production: A Review

2021

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This study examined the literature on life cycle assessment on the ferromanganese alloy production route. The environmental impacts of raw material acquisition through the production of carbon reductants to the production of ferromanganese alloys were examined and compared. The transition from the current fossil fuel-based production to a more sustainable production route was reviewed. Besides the environmental impact, policy and socioeconomic impacts were considered due to evaluation course of differences in the production routes. Charcoal has the potential to substantially replace fossil fuel reductants in the upcoming decades. The environmental impact from current ferromanganese alloy production can be reduced by ≥20% by the charcoal produced in slow pyrolysis kilns, which can be further reduced by ≥50% for a sustainable production in high-efficient retorts. Certificated biomass can ensure a sustainable growth to avoid deforestation and acidification of the environment. Although greenhouse gas emissions from transport are low for the ferromanganese alloy production, they may increase due to the low bulk density of charcoal and the decentralized production of biomass. However, centralized charcoal retorts can provide additional by-products or biofuel and ensure better product quality for the industrial application. Further upgrading of charcoal can finally result in a CO2 neutral ferromanganese alloy production for the renewable power supply.

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Effect of operating conditions and feedstock composition on the properties of manganese oxide or quartz charcoal pellets for the use in ferroalloy industries

Cited by 14 publications

References 55 publications

Charcoal as an Alternative Reductant in Ferroalloy Production: A Review

Charcoal as an Alternative Reductant in Ferroalloy Production: A Review

Electrical Resistivity of Carbonaceous Bed Material at High Temperature

Life Cycle Assessment of Renewable Reductants in the Ferromanganese Alloy Production: A Review

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