Effect of operating mode on the performance of sand filters treating greywater

Shaikh, Irshad N.; Ahammed, M. Mansoor

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-13413-8

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Higher E. coli removal was also reported when filters were operated in continuous mode compared to intermittent operation (Verma et al 2017). The effect of increased HLR and OLR was more pronounced in intermittent filters compared to continuously operated filters (Shaikh & Ahammed 2021a).…”

Section: Mode Of Operationmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Higher BOD reduction in saturated filter compared to unsaturated filter could be due to degradation process by microorganisms adhered to the media surface (Young-Rojanschi & Madramootoo 2014). Higher removal of PO 4 -P has been reported in saturated filters compared to unsaturated filters (Shaikh & Ahammed 2021a). This might be because of the lack of electrostatic force of attraction in unsaturated filters (Kaewsarn & Yu 2001).…”

Section: Mode Of Operationmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Optimum depth of media depends on several factors such as quality and quantity of influent greywater, mode of operation and media characteristics. Shaikh & Ahammed (2021a) reported 52% removal of COD in the top 10 cm depth of the media while 50 cm was the optimal depth of fine sand (0.30-1.18 mm) at an HLR of 32 cm/day for the removal of organic content in the treatment of mixed greywater. Katukiza et al (2014a) reported 50% COD removal in the top 10 cm depth of the media (1.18-2.36 mm) at an HLR of 20 cm/day in the treatment of dark greywater from households in Uganda.…”

Section: Media Depthmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The presence of undisturbed biolayer in saturated filters helps in better removal of microbial parameters in saturated filters compared to unsaturated filters. Formation of the biolayer at the top of the media results in the higher reduction of flow rate in saturated filters compared to unsaturated and that contributes to additional microbial removal in saturated filters compared to that in unsaturated filters (Shaikh & Ahammed 2021a). The effect of increased HLR and OLR was more pronounced in unsaturated filters compared to that in saturated filters (Shaikh & Ahammed 2021a).…”

Section: Mode Of Operationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Kennedy et al (2012) reported early clogging of unwashed filter media compared to that of washed media. Most of the reported studies washed filter media before packing into the filter column with demineralized water, tap water, potable water or hydrogen peroxide (Ghaitidak & Yadav 2016;Spychala et al 2019;Shaikh & Ahammed 2021a).…”

Section: Types Of Media Usedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Granular media filtration for on-site treatment of greywater: A review

Shaikh

Ahammed

2022

Water Science and Technology

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Rapid urbanization and industrialization have put pressure on water resources and centralized wastewater treatment facilities and the need for greywater treatment at decentralized levels is increasing. This paper reviews the studies that used granular filtration for the treatment of greywater. Filter media characteristics that helps in the selection of suitable sustainable and environmental friendly materials without compromising the quality of treated greywater is first reported. The effect of type of filter media, media size and media depth along with the effect of operating conditions are discussed in detail. The choice, role and effect of different pre-treatment alternatives to granular media filtration are also presented. The efficiency of the filters to remove different physicochemical and microbial parameters was compared with different reuse guidelines and standards. Reported studies indicate that not only filter media characteristics and operating conditions but also the quality of raw greywater significantly influence the filter performance. Based on the source of greywater and desired reuse option, different granular media filtration alternatives are suggested. Operation of filters with properly selected media at optimum conditions based on the source of greywater helps filter in achieve the different reuse standards.

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Section: Mode Of Operationmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Mode Of Operationmentioning

confidence: 89%