Effect of Ovaric Hyper‐stimulation on Blood Lymphocyte Subpopulations, Cytokines, Leptin and Nitrite Among Patients with Unexplained Infertility

Abstract

The abnormal distribution of leukocytes, high TH1 cytokines and a low TGF-beta1 associated with reproductive failure, respond to ovarian stimulation, achieving total or partial normalization.

Ovarian stimulation does not influence the uterine immune environment in healthy infertile women

“…The current results differ from those of others (Fornari et al 2002;Habib et al, 2018;Lukassen et al, 2004) who claim that ovarian stimulation affects the percentage and function of immune cells in the endometrium both indirectly and heterogeneously. It can be speculated that this is because the patients in the current study were stimulated with a GnRH antagonist protocol whereas a previous publication used the classic long protocol (Hernandez, 2000).…”

“…The majority of the studies published on the impact of ovarian stimulation on the immune system have focused on peripheral blood, and have shown a decrease in cells of the lymphocyte family, including pbNK cells, and a subsequent reduction in plasma interferon-γ and IL-2 (Fornari et al, 2002;Habib et al, 2018). However, measurement of pbNK cells is unreliable when it comes to assessing what is happening inside the uterine cavity.…”

Preconception Peripheral Natural Killer Cell Activity as a Predictor of Pregnancy Outcome in Patients with Unexplained Infertility

“…All were treated by reduction surgery. With informed consent, blood samples to measure peripheral NK activity were taken from these women during their follicular phases without stimulated cycles as NK activity is known to be higher in the follicular than in the luteal phase, 32 and ovarian hyperstimulation decreases NK activity 27 . The patients in this study were reported on previously; 29 their mean peripheral NK activity was 40.2% with a S.D.…”

“…In contrast to RSA, there are fewer studies available on peripheral NK cells and/or activity as well as uterine NK cells that have focused on infertile women. Women with multiple in vitro fertilization (IVF) failures 8 or unexplained infertility 27 demonstrated higher numbers of peripheral CD56 + or CD56 + CD16 + NK cells than those observed for normal fertile controls. Peripheral CD56 + and CD56 + CD16 + NK cells at the time of embryo transfer (ET) were higher in the IVF‐failure group than in the implanted group 28 .…”

“…Peripheral CD56 + and CD56 + CD16 + NK cells at the time of embryo transfer (ET) were higher in the IVF‐failure group than in the implanted group 28 . Peripheral NK activity for unexplained infertile women was higher than that of controls 27,29 . Patients having IVF failures also showed increased levels of uterine NK cells during their luteal phases compared to fertile controls 30 .…”