2013
DOI: 10.1021/nl401365n
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Effect of Particle Diameter and Surface Composition on the Spontaneous Fusion of Monolayer-Protected Gold Nanoparticles with Lipid Bilayers

Abstract: Anionic, monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been shown to nondisruptively penetrate cellular membranes. Here, we show that a critical first step in the penetration process is potentially the fusion of such AuNPs with lipid bilayers. Free energy calculations, experiments on unilamellar and multilamellar vesicles, and cell studies all support this hypothesis. Furthermore, we show that fusion is only favorable for AuNPs with core diameters below a critical size that depends on the monolayer compo… Show more

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Cited by 249 publications
(398 citation statements)
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“…49 However, in very recent work, computational modeling in parallel with experimental studies using model membranes suggested that these amph-AuNPs are not just membrane-penetrating but actually thermodynamically prefer a membrane-embedded state, where the hydrophilic sulfonate headgroups in the amph-AuNP ligand shell 'snorkel' to the aqueous/lipid interface much like transmembrane proteins to achieve a state where free energy is minimized. 48 These studies further suggested that amph-AuNP embedding in membranes is governed by NP core size and surface ligand composition (e.g., hydrophobicity). These findings prompted us to revisit the potential for interactions of amph-AuNPs with RBCs, exploring in more detail particle localization relative to the erythrocyte membrane as a function of NP concentration and time, and the effect of membrane composition itself on NP-membrane interactions.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 93%
“…49 However, in very recent work, computational modeling in parallel with experimental studies using model membranes suggested that these amph-AuNPs are not just membrane-penetrating but actually thermodynamically prefer a membrane-embedded state, where the hydrophilic sulfonate headgroups in the amph-AuNP ligand shell 'snorkel' to the aqueous/lipid interface much like transmembrane proteins to achieve a state where free energy is minimized. 48 These studies further suggested that amph-AuNP embedding in membranes is governed by NP core size and surface ligand composition (e.g., hydrophobicity). These findings prompted us to revisit the potential for interactions of amph-AuNPs with RBCs, exploring in more detail particle localization relative to the erythrocyte membrane as a function of NP concentration and time, and the effect of membrane composition itself on NP-membrane interactions.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 93%
“…In fact, as seen in Table 1, the size of NPs that exhibited the direct permeation is mostly less than 20 nm. Van Lehn et al (2013) showed that even with very tiny decrease in the NP size from 5.8 nm to 2.4 nm, amount of NPs entering into cells by the direct permeation significantly increased. Jiang et al (2015) also reported that the uptake amount of NPs through the direct permeation showed significant dependence on the NP size within a small range of 2 to 6 nm.…”
Section: Key Physico-chemical Properties Of Nps For Their Direct Permmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…39 Free energy calculations were also made regarding surface-capped AuNP penetration, and hydrophobic effects were highlighted. 40 These simulation efforts, however, emphasize mainly the surface ligands without addressing the role of the gold core. Most AuNPs prepared in aqueous solutions are loosely capped by citrate, yielding a moderate electrostatic protection.…”
Section: Gold Nanoparticlesmentioning
confidence: 99%