Effect of Particle Size and Temperature on Pyrolysis of Palm Kernel Shell

Abstract

Pyrolysis is a viable solution to curb the issue of growing lignocellulosic waste in the world through conversion to potential biofuel and bio-based chemicals. This study focused on the effect of biomass particle size on the feedstock characterisation, biomass ash content, thermal behaviour and pyrolysis products yield. The particle size ranges studied were <0.355, 0.355 to 0.710. 0.710 to 1.00 and 1.00 to 2.00 mm. Thermal behaviour was analysed using thermogravimetric analyser, and pyrolysis experiments were conducted in a fixed-bed pyrolyzer. TGA results show smaller particle size maximum temperature shifted to a lower temperature. From ashing, the results indicated that ash content is the highest at the smallest particle size, <0.355mm (2.8 wt.%). The gaseous yield was the highest in dpA (<0.355 mm) at a temperature of 600°C. The highest pyrolysis oil yield (50.1 wt.%) occurred at 400°C from dpA (<0.355mm). The highest char yield (33.70 wt.%) occurred at 400°C obtained from the largest particle size, dpD (1-2mm).

Use of Response Surface Methodology in Optimizing the Production yield of Biofuel from Cashew Nut Shell through the Process of Pyrolysis

“…It was observed that because CNS is oily when crushed, the sample with smaller particle sizes (less than 5 mm) at higher temperatures tend to melt and bond among themselves thereby forming a dark glassy structure. The formation of this glassy structure prevented oil to completely be released from the CNS (rather it promoted the formation o f non-condensable as a result of secondary cracking reactions which occurred during the process at elevated temperatures (as reported by)) [22]. This was not the case with CNS samples of larger particle sizes.…”

“…At lower temperatures <500 ℃ with smaller sample particle sizes <355μm, the oil yield is higher. This might be attributed to the fact that as temperature increased, it enh anced the primary breakdown of lignocellulosic constituents (thereby favouring thermal occurrences such as fragmentation, cracking or recombination of volatiles which then gave rise to the production of low and high molecular weight compounds) [22].…”

Bio-oil from Oil Palm Shell Pyrolysis as Renewable Energy: A Review

“…Then a proximate analysis was carried out to determine the volatile, fixed carbon, and water content using TGA. Ultimate analysis was conducted to determine the value of C, H, N, S, O, and ash/mineral content [42].…”

Optimasi pirolisis limbah kayu Durian (Durio zibethinus) berdasarkan ukuran partikel dan suhu

“…Sejalan dengan Chouchene et al (2010) yang menyatakan bahwa bahwa ukuran partikel dan suhu pirolisis memiliki efek yang signifikan pada degradasi thermal limbah padat zaitun menggunakan penganalisis termogravimetri. Ukuran partikel bahan baku yang lebih kecil dan suhu pirolisis menunjukkan tingkat kehilangan massa dan melepaskan sejumlah besar kadar zat mudah menguap (Zaman et al, 2018).…”

“…Pada Tabel 6 terlihat bahwa nilai p <0,05, yang berarti ukuran partikel dan suhu pirolisis, dan interaksinya berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar abu. Zaman et al (2018) juga menyebutkan bahwa kadar abu terbukti berkorelasi dengan ukuran partikel bahan baku. Ukuran partikel bahan baku berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar abu biochar yang dihasilkan.…”