Effect of pH on Different Manganese Media on Seed Viability of Seven Local Soybeans Varieties (Glycine max L. Merr)

Abstract

Manganese (Mn) has two roles in plant metabolic processes: an essential micronutrient and a toxic element when it is in excess. Mn toxicity is favored in acidic nature soils. However, it may possible that Mangan affects crop growth even though it is in neutral states. This study aimed to determine the effect of manganese on seed germination both in low pH and in neutral pH. The study was compiled using a Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors soybean local varieties (Anjasmoro, Grobogan, Derap-1, Detap-1, Deja-1, Dega-1, dan Dena-1) and differences in media the substrate pH levels (Mn with pH 4.5, Mn with pH 6-7, and control without Mn pH 7). The results showed that Mn at low pH (acid condition) expressed the worst germination as compared to all treatments by inhibiting radicle development with shorter roots growth. Germination growth under neutral pH manganese media remained hampered in development but not as bad as in low pH manganese media. Anjasmoro variety was observed relatively tolerant to manganese media in neutral pH, while Dega-1 and Deja-1 varieties were the least tolerant. At low pH conditions with manganese metal content, all varieties showed worse germination compared to neutral and control pH manganese media.