Effect of Phosphatization on Element Concentration of Cobalt-Rich Ferromanganese Crusts

Jiahua, Pan; Carlo, Eric Heinen De; Yang, Yi; Li, Shuqin; Guoqin, You

doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2005.tb00900.x

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…We find that REY, Li, Pt, Se, Cu and Te are generally enriched upon phosphatization, Co, Sb, As, Ti and W generally go through depletions upon phosphatization and Mo, V, Cd, Tl, Zn and Ni may show varied behaviors and show limited changes in contents during this period. We also suggest that Ni, Cu and Zn in the phosphatized layers are conflicted as previous reports suggested reversed results between enrichments and depletions [92,[100][101][102]. Specifically speaking, their results found both high enrichments and high depletions for elements like Ni and Cu.…”

Section: Post-depositional Phosphatizationsupporting

confidence: 39%

“…CFA is the characteristic mineral impregnated during this process. Alterations of elemental association and metal abundance that CFA causes are common and significant, e.g., REY and Cu undergo secondary enrichments [97,[100][101][102]. (2) The reductive decompositions of Fe-Mn oxides in the new suboxic or anoxic environments.…”

Section: Post-depositional Phosphatizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metal sequestration is released up to 50% during the dissolution of layered Mn oxides, followed by the readsorption of the released Ni into the new tunnel oxide (Figure 5) [111,119]. The effects of phosphatization on Ni are the subject of conflicting reports in both enrichment [90,97,102] and depletion [67,92,101]. Ni upon phosphatization is remobilized to newly formed stable todorokite after prior release from the layered hydrogenetic MnO 2 and becomes further enriched.…”

Section: Elaboration Of Critical Metal Enrichment Characteristics And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enrichment Characteristics and Mechanisms of Critical Metals in Marine Fe-Mn Crusts and Nodules: A Review

Huang,

2023

Minerals

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Marine Co-rich ferromanganese crusts and polymetallic nodules, which are widely distributed in oceanic environments, are salient potential mineral resources that are enriched with many critical metals. Many investigations have achieved essential progress and findings regarding critical metal enrichment in Fe-Mn crusts and nodules. This study systematically reviews the research findings of previous investigations and elaborates in detail on the enrichment characteristics, enrichment processes and mechanisms and the influencing factors of the critical metals enriched in Fe-Mn crusts and nodules. The influencing factors of critical metal enrichments in Fe-Mn crusts and nodules mainly include the growth rate, water depth, post-depositional phosphatization and structural uptake of adsorbents. The major enrichment pathways of critical metals in marine Fe-Mn (oxy)hydroxides are primarily as follows: direct substitution on the surface of δ-MnO2 for Ni, Cu, Zn and Li; oxidative substitution on the δ-MnO2 surface for Co, Ce and Tl; partition between Mn and Fe phases through surface complexation according to electro-species attractiveness for REY (except for Ce), Cd, Mo, W and V; combined Mn-Fe phases enrichment for seawater anionic Te, Pt, As and Sb, whose low-valence species are mostly oxidatively enriched on δ-MnO2, in addition to electro-chemical adsorption onto FeOOH, while high-valence species are likely structurally incorporated by amorphous FeOOH; and dominant sorption and incorporation by amorphous FeOOH for Ti and Se. The coordination preferences of critical metals in the layered and tunneled Mn oxides are primarily as follows: metal incorporations in the layer/tunnel-wall for Co, Ni and Cu; triple-corner-sharing configurations above the structural vacancy for Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Tl; double-corner-sharing configurations for As, Sb, Mo, W, V and Te; edge-sharing configurations at the layer rims for corner-sharing metals when they are less competitive in taking up the corner-sharing position or under less oxidizing conditions when the metals are less feasible for reactions with layer vacancy; and hydrated interlayer or tunnel-center sorption for Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Tl and Li. The major ore-forming elements (e.g., Co, Ni, Cu and Zn), rare earth elements and yttrium, platinum-group elements, dispersed elements (e.g., Te, Tl, Se and Cd) and other enriched critical metals (e.g., Li, Ti and Mo) in polymetallic nodules and Co-rich Fe-Mn crusts of different geneses have unique and varied enrichment characteristics, metal occurrence states, enrichment processes and enrichment mechanisms. This review helps to deepen the understanding of the geochemical behaviors of critical metals in oceanic environments, and it also bears significance for understanding the extreme enrichment and mineralization of deep-sea critical metals.

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Section: Post-depositional Phosphatizationsupporting

confidence: 39%