Effect of polybrominated biphenyls on hepatic excretory function in rats and mice.

Cagen, Stuart Z.; Gibson, James E.

doi:10.1289/ehp.7823233

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…At the six month observation (end of treatment) hepatic porphyrin was markedly increased. Cagen et al (1979) treated lactating Sprague-Dawley rat dams with 0 and 50 mg/kg b.w. Firemaster BP-6 in the diet.…”

Section: Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs) in Food

2010

EFSA Journal

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EFSA was asked by the European Commission to deliver a scientific opinion on polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) in food. PBBs are additive flame retardants which were applied in synthetic fibres and polymers. PBBs are present in the environment at low concentrations and likewise in biota and in food and feed. Data from the analysis of 16 PBB congeners in 794 food samples were provided to EFSA by 6 Member States, covering the period from 2003 to 2009. Toxicity studies were carried out with technical PBB mixtures of which the exact congener composition is not known. Main targets were the liver, thyroid hormone homeostasis and the reproductive, nervous and immune systems. PBBs are not directly genotoxic. The Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) selected the hepatic carcinogenic effects as the critical effect, with a no‐observed‐effect level (NOEL) of 0.15 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Since this NOEL was obtained in a study with a technical PBB mixture, the congener profile of which differs from that currently found in food, the CONTAM Panel concluded that it was inappropriate to use this NOEL to derive a health based guidance value. The intake of PBBs by high and frequent consumers of fatty fish, the subgroup with the highest dietary exposure, was approximately 6 orders of magnitude less than this NOEL. Exposure for high consuming breast‐fed infants is 5 orders of magnitude less than this NOEL. Therefore the CONTAM Panel concluded that the risk to the European population from exposure to PBBs through the diet is of no concern. Since PBBs are no longer produced or used in Europe and taking into account low and declining environmental concentrations, the CONTAM Panel concluded that PBBs are a low priority for further research or monitoring efforts.

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Section: Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs) in Food

2010

EFSA Journal

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“…The neonate can no longer depend upon placental excretory function, and therefore, progressive maturation of liver and intestinal function must occur in order to achieve an orderly transition from the fetal to the extrauterine environment. In the face of impaired bile acid transport, there is decreased elimination of endogenous (organic anions) and exogenous (drugs) compounds and an increased retention of xenobiotics (24,25). In the face of this "physiologic cholestasis" there may be an increased susceptibility to true cholestatic agents such as the infusates used during hyperalirnentation and endotoxins generated during E. coli sepsis.…”

Section: Nutritional Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immaturity of Hepatic Excretory Function and the Ontogeny of Bile Acid Metabolism

Balistreri

1983

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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Halogenated Biphenyls

Mukerjee¹

2001

Patty's Toxicology

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Polyhalogenated biphenyls are a family of compounds based on biphenyl as the parent compound. Chlorinated and brominated biphenyls have been manufactured for commercial purposes. There are 209 possible structural congeners of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and for polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) the same number of congeners can exist. A listing of all PCB congeners is given along with their Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) Registry numbers an identifying numbering system are given. PCBs used commercially are complex mixtures consisting of various PCB congeners and isomers. It has been estimated that in the United States a total of 1400 million pounds of PCBs were manufactured of which 150 million pounds were exported, and 3 million pounds were imported. Because of their nonflammability, thermal stability, outstanding dielectric properties, and resistance to chemical reactivity, PCBs have been used extensively as dielectric fluids in liquid‐cooled electric motors, transformers, capacitors; electromagnets, vacuum pumps, gas turbines, hydraulic fluids; heat‐transfer systems; voltage regulators, liquid‐filled cable, fluorescent light ballasts, electronic equipment; as plasticizers in synthetic resins, adhesives, surface coatings, sealants, printing and carbonless coping papers, pesticide extenders, inks, lubricants, and cutting oils. PCBs have also been used in slide mounting medium for oil immersion lens microscopy. Although PCBs are no longer produced and their use has been discontinued in most countries, many old equipment filled with PCBs are still in service today. World wide approximately 800,00 tons of PCBs are still in use. These equipments are the new sources of environmental contamination when PCBs start leaking or when the equipments are disposed of. Commercial production of polybrominated biphenyls in the United States began in 1970 and was discontinued in early 1977. The general population may be exposed to PCBs from a variety of sources, including food, ambient air, occupational settings, and consumer products. The major exposure routes to humans are through food. Accidental oral exposures to PCBs have been reported. In all cases, total PCB levels must be based on specific congener analysis or direct perchlorination rather than in terms of Aroclors because the congener patterns in environmental media and biological tissues usually do not match those in Aroclor fluids unless massive contamination has occurred (typical of spills and some occupational situations). Thus predictive models based on specific congener data must also be utilized. The less chlorinated congeners predominate in air samples from known contaminated areas and in water and wet deposition samples with temperature and the amount of sediment in river and water samples being important covariables. In contrast, the more highly chlorinated isomers with substituents at the 2,4,5 or 2′,4′,5′ positions tend to bioaccumulate in some crop vegetables, game animals, fish, and human tissue samples. PCBs in contaminated soils can be absorbed by plants and vegetables with shallow‐root systems to PCB contamination, although volatilization in this situation is also favored; erosion of such soils will also cause contamination of sediments. The more chlorinated congeners dominate in soils and sediments and the resident biota (cash crops, vegetables, fish, aquatic life). The absolute levels in any situation depend on which of the competing processes dominates. PCB mixtures produce low to moderate acute toxicity in mammalian species, but produce pronounced subacute and chronic toxicity. In contrast, invertebrates exhibit greater acute toxicity to PCBs (LC 50 s<1 mg/L). In addition, as reported for other halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, PCBs exhibit significant interspecies variability in toxicity. In considering the health effects of PCBs in animals, it is important to consider the isomer and congener composition of the PCBs, potential impurities, the length of exposure, and the species under investigation.

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Effect of polybrominated biphenyls on hepatic excretory function in rats and mice.

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Scientific Opinion on Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs) in Food

Scientific Opinion on Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs) in Food

Immaturity of Hepatic Excretory Function and the Ontogeny of Bile Acid Metabolism

Halogenated Biphenyls

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